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NUR 200- Exam 1 > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term used to describe a cell that is so immature you can’t tell where it came from?

A

Anaplasia

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2
Q

What is cancer?

A

Over growth of malignancy cells that don’t stop dividing and destroy body tissue

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3
Q

What is the biggest risk factor to cancer and the 2nd biggest?

A

Age; genetics

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4
Q

What are benign tumors?

A

Noncancerous tumors that don’t spread, are easy to remove, and doesn’t cause harm or recur

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5
Q

What are malignant tumors?

A

Cancerous tumors that spread, are hard to remove, and metastasis

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6
Q

Primary prevention is what?

A

What you do before getting cancer

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7
Q

Secondary prevention is what?

A

Detect cancer in an early stage to prevent progression

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8
Q

What does CAUTION stand for that identifies the warning signs of cancer?

A 
Change in bowel or bladder habits
A sore that doesn't heal
Unusual bleeding or discharge
Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in a wart or mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness
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9
Q

What type of radiation therapy is teletherapy?

A

Externally under a machine w/ a beam of radiation directed toward cancer

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10
Q

What type of radiation therapy is brachytherapy?

A

Internally by an implant, needle, injection, or seed

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11
Q

When a pt is receiving brachytherapy they are radioactive so what are 3 important things to consider?

A

Time spent w/ pt
Distance to pt
Shielding to protect skin

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12
Q

What are the major side effects of radiation therapy?

A

Fatigue, anorexia and skin reactions @ entrance/exit sites

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13
Q

If a pt is receiving teletherapy what should the care be for the radiation site?

A

No lotions, luke warm water, keep dry/clean, nothing that would rub the area

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14
Q

What are the diff types of chemotherapeutic agents used?

A

Alkylating agents, antimetabolites, cytotoxic antibiotics and vinca alkyloids

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15
Q

What are some alkylating agents?

A

Cyclophophamide (Cytoxan) and Cisplatin

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16
Q

What is the major problem w/ Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)?

A

Hemorrhagic cystitis affecting the bladder

17
Q

What is the major problem of Cisplatin?

A

Emesis; nephrotoxic

18
Q

What are some important interventions for Cyclophosphamide?

A

HYDRATE, void/drink every hour and report burning/bleeding on urination

19
Q

What is important to check when pt is prescribed Cisplatin?

A

BUN/CRT

20
Q

What is an antimetabolite?

A

Methotrexate

21
Q

Methotrexate is what?

A

Folic acid inhibitor

22
Q

Bc Methotrexate is a folic acid inhibitor what should you give 12hrs after admin to help the normal cells get folic acid?

A

Leucovorin rescue

23
Q

What is a cytotoxic antibiotic?

A

Anthracyclines like Doxorubicin (Adriamycin)

24
Q

What is a problem w/ Anthracycline?

A

Cardio toxic causing damage to myoseal of heart

25
Q

Before admin of Anthracyclines what should be done?

A

Evaluate ejection fraction; assess for s/s of congestive heart failure

26
Q

What are vinca alkyloids?

A

Vincristine, Vinblastine

27
Q

What is the major prob w/ Vincristine?

A

Neurotoxic; look for tinging/numbness, peripheral neuropathy

28
Q

What is needed when admin chemotherapy to avoid harm?

A

Protective gear: mask, goggles, gown, chemotherapy type gloves

29
Q

What are 2 important assessments when checking for fluid overload?

A

Lung sounds and weight

30
Q

What is the term used to describe memory impairment, lack of concentration and other cognitive changes that decrease the quality of life and causes frustration and occurs when taking chemotherapy?

A

Chemo-brain

31
Q

What is the term used to describe each time a cell divides it comes a little more mature?

A

Differentiation

32
Q

Describe the process of carcinogenesis?

A

Initiation- irreversible damage to DNA
Promotion- agents force expression of altered genetic code; reversible
Progression- tumor behaves in a malignant uncontrolled fashion

33
Q

Cancer treatment involves what 3 things?

A

Cure- complete eradication
Control- prolonged survival w/ disease
Palliation- symptom relief

34
Q

What are the major side effects of chemotherapy?

A

Bone marrow suppression: neutro/thrombocytopenia/anemia

35
Q

What is the term used to describe sudden hair loss?

A

Alopecia

36
Q

What are some biological therapies?

A

Interleukins and interferons

37
Q

What’s the #1 problem in all patients w/ cancer?

A

PAIN

NUR 200- Exam 1 (10 decks)

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