Oncology Flashcards
Common side effect of cyclophosphamide? What is given to prevent it?
Hemorrhagic cystitis –> breakdown product (acrolein) causes bladder epithelium to slough and form thin, vascular, friable mucosal lining.
- Look for hematuria, urinary retention, elevated BP, palpable bladder
*MESNA –> binds to and inactivates acrolein and is peed out
What is craniopharyngioma? Common diagnostic clues?
Suprasellar (above optic chiasm) tumor that can cause BITEMPORAL HEMIANOPSIA
- Arises from remnant of Rathke’s pouch
Diagnostic clues:
- Heavy calcifications
- Unilocular/multilocular cysts
- Viscous YELLOW fluid content
What types of cancers metastasize to bone?
Prostate, breast, lung, kidney, bladder, thyroid
**MOST COMMONLY prostate, breast, lung
Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma? What serum marker is specific for this cancer?
Risk factors = any chronic inflammation of liver:
- Viral hepatitis (b,c)
- Alcoholic cirrhosis
- NAFLD
- Hemochromatosis
- Wilson disease
- Alpha-1-antitrypsin
- Aflatoxin exposure
S/S of brain tumor?
Most common cause of metastatic tumor to brain?
S/S:
1) HA worsening w/ recumbancy
2) HA wakes patient from sleep
3) HA present in morning after waking up
4) Nausea
MCC = lung cancer
Patients undergoing chemo should receive what 2 vaccines? Live or inactivated?
ALWAYS INACTIVATED!!!
*Influenza + Pneumococcal
What cancer shows ruptured cells on peripheral smear?
What blood findings correlates with poor prognosis?
CLL (smudge cells)
Low platelets
Lynch syndrome is associated with what other type of cancer?
Endometrial cancer
Risk factors for colon polyps developing into cancer?
What is the mgmt for hyper plastic polyps?
Villous
Sessile (wide base)
Size > 2.5cm
Hyperplastic = NOTHING!
Most common site of colon cancer mets?
What clinical picture suggests metastatic spread?
Liver
Person with long-standing Fe-def anemia and (+) hem occult test who has low grade RUQ pain and slightly elevated LFTs
Most common type of CNS tumor in children? Where are they located?
Astrocytoma
Both supratentorial and infratentorial
When is brain surgery for cancer indicated?
Solitary metastasis in areas with good performance status (grey-white jxn)
Radiation exposure and family hx of thyroid cancer are risk factors for the most common cause of thyroid cancer - what is it?
Papillary carcinoma
Cancer-related anorexia can be treated with what?
Progesterone analogs (megestrol acetate)
Smudge cells are characteristic of what?
CLL
Patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma are at risk for what complications if treated under 30 yo?
Secondary malignancies –> from radiation and chemotherapy at younger ages
*Common in lung, thyroid, bone, and GI
Painless testicular mass with ultrasound findings suggestive of cancer - what is next best step?
Radical orchiectomy
Person with UC wants to know when and how often to get colonoscopies?
- UC = increased risk of colon cancer
* Start 8 yrs after diagnosis –> every 1-2 years afterwards
Hard, non-tender, solitary lymph node in older male with smoking hx - what are you suspecting?
SCC (head/neck cancer)
Only vaccine known to reduce risk of developing cancer?
What cancer?
Hepatitis B vaccine
Reduced hepatocellular cancer
Person has unprovoked DVT - what must you consider?
Follow up?
Malignancy!
*Look for wt loss
Detailed age-appropriate screening and CXR
This drug can cause peripheral neuropathy?
Vincristine/Vinblastine
Most common source for brain metastasis?
Lung
Best choice of treatment for chemotherapy-induced N/V?
Mechanism of action?
Serotonin blockers (antagonist) (5HT3 receptors)
Ondansetron
