Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

Features of High Risk ALL

A
  • age < 1 or > 10
  • WBC > 50 initially
  • cytogenic abnormalities (Philadelphia chromosome)
  • poor response to induction
  • CNS and testicular disease
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2
Q

Electrolyte abnormalities in tumour lysis syndrome

A
  • hyperkalemia
  • hyperphosphatemia
  • hypocalcemia
  • hyperuricemia
  • hyponatremia
  • metabolic acidosis
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3
Q

Genetic Syndromes associated with childhood leukemia

A
  • NF1
  • T21
  • Fanconi anemia
  • Bloom syndrome
  • Diamond Blackfan
  • Shwachman Diamond
  • Kostmann
  • Ataxia-telangiectasia
  • SCID
  • Li-Fraumeni
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4
Q

Syndromes Associated with Wilm’s Tumour

A
  • 11p-
  • WAGR (aniridia)
  • Denys-Drash
  • NF1
  • BWS
  • Sotos
  • Simpson-Golabi-Behmel
  • Perlman
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5
Q

Syndromes associated with hepatoblastoma

A
  • BWS
  • VLBW/prem
  • Glycogen storage disease
  • Familial adenomatous polyposis
  • T18
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6
Q

Surveillance for WT

A
  • renal US q3months from birth - 8 years
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7
Q

Syndromes associated with neuroblastoma

A
  • BWS
  • CCHS (PHOX2B)
  • Costello
  • Noonan
  • ROHHAD
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8
Q

Effects of Asparaginase

A

Acute
- anaphylaxis
- coagulopathy/clots
- hyperglycemia
- pancreatitis

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9
Q

Effects of Cisplatin

A

Acute
- +++nausea
- metallic taste
- tinnitus
- hypoMg
- renal dysfunction

Late
- SNHL (reversible)*
- nephrotoxicity*

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10
Q

Chemo Toxicities

A
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11
Q

Effects of Cyclophosphamide

A

Acute
- alopecia
- nausea
- hemorrhagic cystitis*
- SIADH

Late
- Infertility
- 2nd malignancies (leukemia > 5 years out), bladder)

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12
Q

Effects of Cytarabine

A

Acute
- Nausea
- Fevers
- Rashes
- Conjunctivitis

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13
Q

Effects of Doxorubicin

A

Acute
- nausea
- mucositis
- red secretions
- acute arrhythmia, heart failure

Late
- Heart failure (increases every year after administration - lifelong f/u)*

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14
Q

Effects of Etoposide

A

Acute
- Alopecia
- acute hypotension
- anaphylaxis

Late
- 2nd malignancy (Leukemia < 3 years out)

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15
Q

Effects of MTX

A

Acute
- mucositis*
- photosensitivity
- transaminitis
- leukoencephalopathy

Late
- learning/attention difficulties

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16
Q

Effects of Vincristine

A

Acute
- constipation!*
- foot drop
sensory neuropathy*
- vocal cord dysfunction
- ptosis
- jaw pain
- SIADH

*Does not drop counts

17
Q

Effects of Radiation

A

Acute
- skin redness/irritation/burn
- mucositis
- N/V
- myelosuppression
- tiredness
- alopecia

Late
- second malignancies
- pituitary dysfunction
- hypothyroid
- pulmonary fibrosis
- metabolic syndrome/early coronary disease/stroke
- poor growth
- infertility
- learning difficulties

18
Q

Risk organs in LCH

A
  • bone
  • liver
  • spleen
    NOT LUNG
19
Q

Hereditary retinoblastoma is a risk for…

A

Osteosarcoma

20
Q

Differentiating bone tumours

A
21
Q

Why can’t you give heparin to an oncology child with a clot?

A

Antithrombin III deficiency - it won’t work! (due to asparaginase?)

22
Q

Reed-Sternburg cells?

A

Hodgkin Lymphoma

23
Q

Most common solid tumour?

A

Brain tumour (medulloblastoma - cerebellum)

24
Q

Most common extracranial solid tumour

A

Neuroblastoma