Nephrology

Question 1

Stages of AKI

Answer 1

• Stage 1: creatinine 1.5-1.9x baseline, UO < 0.5 x 6-12hr
• Stage 2: creatinine 2-2.9x baseline, UO < 0.5 x >12h
• Stage 3: creatinine 3x baseline or GFR < 35, RRT, UO < 0.3 for 24h or anuria for 12h

Question 2

Stages of CKD by GFR

Answer 2

1 >/= 90
2 60-89
3 30-59
4 15-29
5 < 15 or on dialysis

Question 3

Management of Hyperkalemia

Answer 3

Question 4

GN by complement

Answer 4

Low C3
- PSGN/PIGN
- Lupus nephritis
- MPGN

NORMAL C3
- HSP
- IgA
- Alport
- MPA
- GPA
- Goodpasture
- ANCA vasculitis

Question 5

Follow-up of HSP

Answer 5

Weeks 1-4 = weekly UA, BP
Weeks 5-12 = q2weeks UA, BP
Months 6-12 = q6months UA, BP
Follow annually if microscopic hematuria
Refer to nephro if any abnormalities (HTN, macroscopic hematuria, proteinura)

Question 6

Nephrotic range proteinuria

Answer 6

3+ or 4+ on dipstick
> 3g/L on UA
PCR > 200mg/mmol
24hr > 40 mg/m2/hr

Question 7

Atypical features of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 7

• age < 1 year
• persistent hypertension
• persistent low GFR
• significant or gross hematuria
• steroid resistant

Question 8

leukocytoclastic vasculitis

Answer 8

HSP

Question 9

gingival hyperplasia

Answer 9

cyclosporine
phenytoin (dilantin gums)

Question 10

Approach to RTA

Answer 10

Question 11

Clinical manifestations of CKD

Answer 11

Question 12

Treatment of HTN

Answer 12

Question 13

Diagnosis of HTN

Answer 13

Question 14

CAKUT in Genetic Syndromes

Answer 14

Question 15

Acid Base Compensation

Answer 15

Question 16

Barter vs. Gitelman

Answer 16