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RC Review > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two leading causes of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency?

A
  • CF (positive sweat chloride, resp symptoms)
  • Shwachmann-Diamond (bone marrow failure)
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2
Q

Conditions associated with celiac disease

A
  • T1DM
  • T21
  • Turner
  • IgA Deficiency
  • William’s syndrome
  • Autoimmune
  • First-degree relative (1:20)
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3
Q

Extra-intestinal manifestations of celiac disease?

A
  • dermatitis herpetiformis (symmetric to extensor surfaces and ++ itchy)
  • dental enamel hypoplasia
  • osteopenia
  • short stature
  • delayed puberty
  • IDA
  • Hepatitis
  • Arthritis
  • epilepsy with occipital lobe calcifications
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4
Q

Crohn’s vs. UC

A
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5
Q

Extra-intestinal manifestations of IBD

A
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6
Q

What extra-intestinal manifestations correlate with bowel disease?

A
  • erythema nodosum
  • anemia
  • peripheral arthritis
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7
Q

What can fecal calprotectin NOT distinguish?

A

IBD vs.
- infection
- malignancy
- NSAID use

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8
Q

What medications are available for IBD?

A

Induce Remission
- Tube feeds (CD)
- Corticosteroids
- 5-ASA (UC)
- Biologics (if severe)

Maintenance
- 5-ASA (UC)
- Tube feeds (CD)
- Azathioprine
- MTX
- Biologics
**NOT steroids

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9
Q

What organisms cause bloody diarrhea?

A
  • salmonella
  • shigella
  • yersinia
  • campylobacter
  • E.coli

Blood is SECSY as per Kenzie ;)

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10
Q

Bugs causing gastroenteritis

A
  • Recent antibiotic exposure: C. difficile
  • Traveler’s diarrhea: E. coli
  • Common causes of food poisoning: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus (reheated rice)
  • Similar presentation to appendicitis: Yersinia entero­ colitica
  • Contaminated poultry: Campylobacter
  • Seizures: Shigella
  • Reptiles, animals, livestock, picnic: Salmonella
  • Bloody diarrhea: Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, C. difficile, enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC),
    Y. enterocolitica
  • Communicable diarrhea despite exposure to treated water: Cryptococcus (chlorine-resistant)
  • Immunocompromised host: Cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), BK (acute), crypto­ sporidium, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
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11
Q

DDx of Upper GI Bleeding

A
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12
Q

DDx of Lower GI Bleeding

A
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13
Q

Etiology of Short Gut

A

Prenatal
- midgut volvulus
- intestinal atresia
- long-segment Hirschsprung’s
- gastroschisis

Neonatal
- midgut volvulus
- thrombosis
- NEC

Postnatal
- midgut volvulus
- thrombosis
- Crohn’s
- Trauma
- vascular malformation

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14
Q

Treatment of H. pylori

A

PPI
amoxicillin
clarithromycin/metronidazole

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15
Q

Diagnosis of EoE

A

> /= 15 eosinophils/hpf on biopsy

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16
Q

Long term complications of TPN

A
  • TPN liver disease (PNALD)
  • CKD
  • bone disease
  • CVC-related clots
  • sepsis
17
Q

Criteria for Functional Constipation

A

> /= 2 months and >/= 2 of:
- < 3 bowel movements per week
- excessive stool retention
- painful or hard bowel movements
- large fecal mass in the rectum
- episodes of incontinence after toilet training - 3x 1/week
- large diameter stool that blocks the toilet

18
Q

What maternal condition predisposes to small left colon syndrome/intestinal atresia?

A

Diabetes!

19
Q

Functional Abdominal Pain

A
20
Q

Functional Constipation

A
21
Q

Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome

A
22
Q

Functional Nausea and Vomiting

A
23
Q

Non-retentive Fecal Incontinence

A
24
Q

Functional Dyspepsia

A
25
Q

Rumination Syndrome

A
26
Q

IBS

A
27
Q

Abdominal Migraine

A
28
Q

Infant Colic and Functional Diarrhea

A
29
Q

Infant Dyschezia

A
30
Q

Hepatitis B Serology

A
31
Q

Who gets prophylaxis for Hepatitis A?

A
  • unvaccinated close contacts within 2 weeks of exposure - vaccinate!
  • immunocompromised, age < 12 months, chronic lier disease
32
Q

Water Soluble Vitamins

A
33
Q

Fat Soluble Vitamins

A
34
Q

Approach to conjugated hyperbili

A
35
Q

Treatment of C. diff

A
36
Q

Caffeine Recommendations

A
37
Q

Indications for probiotics

A
  • neonatal sepsis
  • NEC
  • neonatal feeding and growth
  • infantile colic
  • antibiotic-associated diarrhea
  • prevention of C .diff and associated diarrhea (NOT Tx)
  • H. pylori
  • Functional abdominal pain, esp. IBS
  • prevention of eczema (no other atopic dx)
38
Q

Optimal fluoride in water?

A

0.7ppm

RC Review (26 decks)

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