Oncologic Disorders Flashcards
Papillary carcinoma accounts for
About 60% of thyroid cancer cases in adults.
Follicular carcinoma accounts for
About 20% of thyroid cancer cases in adults.
Anaplastic carcinoma accounts for
About 15% of thyroid cancer cases in adults.
Medullary carcinoma accounts for
About 5% of thyroid cancer cases in adults.
Leucovorin (Wellcovorin) is administered with methotrexate (mexate) to
Protect normal cells which methotroxate could destroy if given alone.
Probenecid (Benemid) should be avoided
In clients receiving methotrexate because it reduces renal elimination of methotrexate (mexate), increase the risk of methotrexate toxicity.
Horner’s syndromeoccurs when …
A lung tumor invades the ribs and affects the sympathetic nerve ganglia.
Horner’s syndromeoccurs is characterized
by miosis, partial eyelid ptosis and anhidrosis on the affected side of the face.
Chest pain, dyspnea, cough, weight loss, and fever are associated with
Pleural Tumors.
Arm and shoulder pain and atrophy of the arm and hand muscles on the affected side suggest
Pancoast’s Tumor.
Pancoast’s Tumor
A lung tumor involving the first thoracic and 8th cervical nerves within the brachial plexus.
Hoarseness in a client with lung cancer suggest
That the tumor has extended to the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Dysphagia in a client with lung cancer suggest
That the lung tumor is compressing the esophagus.
A client is receiving the cell cycle-nonspecific alkylating agent thiotepa (thioplex) 60mg weekly for 4 weeks by bladder instillation as part of a chemo regimen to treat bladder cancer. How does thiotepa exert its therapeutic effects?
Thiotepa interferes with DNA replication and RNA transcription. It doesn’t destroy the cell membrane.
Sigmoidoscopy and proctoscopy are used to visualize the lower GI tract and aid in the detection of 2/3 of …
All colorectal cancers.
An abdominal CT scan is used to stage the presence of …
Colorectal Cancer.
A low-fat diet – one that maintains weight within 20% of recommended body weight – has been found to decrease
A woman’s risk of breast cancer.
A baseline mammogram should be done between
Ages 30 and 40.
Probenecid (Benemid) inhibits Methotrexate (mexate) excretion with increase the risk of
Methotrexate Toxicity.
When taking Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) for breast ca, the client must report change in …
Visual acuity immediately because this adverse effect may be irreversible.
Tamoxifen isn’t associated with …
Hearing Loss.
Cryptorchidism
Fail of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum.
Cryptorchidism appears to play a role in …
Testicular ca, even when corrected surgically.
Sign history findings for testicular cancer include
- Mumps orchitis;
- Inguinal hernia during childhood;
- Maternal use of diethylstilbestrol or other estrogen-progestin combinations during pregnant.
Fluorouracil, doxorubicin (Adriamycin PFS), methotrexate (Mexate), cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) and Vincristine (Oncovin) may be used to treat
Liver Cancer.
Fluoxymesterone (Halotestin), Tamoxifen (Nolvadex), Megestrol acetate (Megace) are
Hormonal Antineoplastic Agents
Hormonal Antineoplastic Agents
Are used to treat advance breast cancer.
Megestrol acetate may be used to treat
Advance endometrial and renal cancer.
Dysplasia
Refers to an alteration in the size, shape and organization of differentiated cells.
The presence of completely undifferentiated tumor cells that don’t resemble cells of the tissue of their origin is called
Anaplasia.
An increase in the size of normal cells in a normal arrangement in a tissue or an organ is called
Hyperplasia.
Metaplasia
Replacement of one type of fully differentiated cell by another in tissue where the second type normally isn’t found.
An aminoglycoside may cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity when given concomitantly
With cisplastin.
Cisplastin (Platinol) is used to treat
Ovarian Cancer.
ABCD method to assess skin lesions.
A= asymmetry;
B=border irregularity;
C=color variant;
D=diameter
Muscle rigidity and spasms may follow administration of several of the injection anesthetics including
ketamine and the opioids.
The reaction seems to be directly proportional to the infusion rate
Extrapyramidal manifestations are the most prominent adverse reactions to
Droperidol.
Thiopental, etomidate and propofol can produce airway reflex hyperactivity with
Hiccoughs, coughing and muscle twitching and jerking.
The barbiturates and propofol causes
Respiratory Depression.
Risk factors for gastric cancer
- People with type A blood have a 10% greater risk;
- History of gastritis with gastric atrophy;
- Family history of gastric cancer.
A class V finding in a papillary test suggests
Probable cervical cancer (the client
should have a biopsy ASAP).
A class II finding in a papillary test suggests
Inflammation and calls for a pap in 3 months.
A class III finding in a papillary test suggests
Mild to moderate dysplasia and calls for a repeat pap in 6 weeks to 3 months.
A class IV finding in a papillary test suggests
Possible cervical cancer and warrants a biopsy ASAP.
A class I finding in a papillary test suggests
Requires no action.
A client receiving a subarachnoid block requires
Special positioning to prevent CSF leakage and HA and to ensure proper anesthetic distribution.
Bone marrow suppression becomes noticeable after how much time after floxuridine (FUDR) administration. And the recovery occurs in …
- Suppression becomes noticeable 7-14 days;
- The recovery occurs in 21-28 days.
The usual adult dose of morphine sulfate is based on
10mg/70kg of body weight when given parenterally.
Colon cancer risk factors
- obesity;
- low-fiber diet;
- high fat diet;
- increase age;
- sedentary lifestyle;
- family dispostion;
- history of ulcerative colitis;
- colon ca;
- colorectal adenoma;
- bladder ca;
- breast or female genital ca.
Smoking is a risk factor for
- Lung;
- Bladder;
- oral ca.
Heavy alcohol consumption is a risk factor for
- breast and liver ca
Saccharin consumption is a questionable risk factor for
- bladder ca.
Chlorambucil (Leukeran)
Is used to treat malignant lymphoma.
Chlorambucil-induced alopecia how much time after the therapy begins?
Occurs 2-3 wks after therapy begins.
Tactile agnosia
Inability to identify objects by touch.
… Is a symptom of parietal lobe tumor.
Tactile agnosia
Short term memory impairment occurs with a tumor.of …
Frontal lobe.
Seizures may result from a tumor of …
The frontal, temporal or occipital lobe.
Contralateral homonymous hemianopia suggest an …
Occipital lobe tumor.
To the management of stomatitis
Give solution of hydrogen peroxide and water as mouth rinse. Stomatitis occurs 7-10 days after chemo begins.
Difficulty swallowing suggests
Medullary dysfunction.
Impaired balance suggests
Cerebellar brain tumor.
Psychomotor seizures suggest
Temporal lobe dysfunction.
The liver fails to convert NH3 to urea, is a characteristics of …
Cirrhosis.
High concentrate of NH3 on the blood stream can cause …
Cerebral dysfunction.
To improves cerebral function caused by NH3 is used …
Lactulose is administered to promote NH3 excretion in the stool and this improves cerebral function.
Lactulose is used for
Ammonia and also used to treat constipation because it
produced osmotic diarrhea.
A Bernstein test reveals
Whether a client’s chest pain results from acid perfusion of the esophageal mucosa.