ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC DISORDERS Flashcards
Aspirin toxicity
Tinnitus (ringing in the ear).
An elevation serum acetone level and serum ketone bodies are characteristic of
Diabetic ketoacidosis.
HHNS (hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome) has
An overall deficit of K resulting from diuresis, with occurs secondary to the hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic state cause by the relative insulin deficiency.
Potassium Iodide (Lugol’s solution) reduces
The vascularity of the third gland and is used to prepare the gland for surgery.
Potassium Iodide reaches its max effect in
1 to 2 wks.
PTU (Propylthiouracil) blocks
The conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine, the more biologically active third hormone.
To relieve symptoms of hyperthyroidism in the interim, clients are usually given
A beta-adrenergic blocker such as propranolol.
Glipizide (Glucotrol = an oral antidiabetic) adverse reactions
Photosensitivity, rash, pruritus. Take 2x/day, 30 mins before meals, because food decrease its absorption.
Hyperparathyroidism signs and symptoms
Sleeping more, increase urination, anorexia, weakness, irritability, depression, bone pain that interferes with going outdoors, common in older women.
PTH Parathyroid hormone stimulates
The kidneys to reabsorb Ca and excrete phosphate and converts vitamin D to its active form 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D.
Levothyroxine (Synthroid) take on empty stomach
To promote regular absorption. In the morning (to help prevent insomnia and to mimic normal hormone release.
Vitamin D must be present for parathyroid hormone to exert its effect-that is
To help regulate Ca metabolism. Vitamin D promotes Ca absorption from the intestines.
Pheochromocytoma cause
Excessive production of epinephrine and norepinephrine, natural catecholamines that raise the BP.
Phentolamine (Regitine)
An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent given by IV bolus or drip antagonizes the body response to circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine reducing BP quickly and
effectively.
Diabetes Insipidus results from
Decrease antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) production the nurse should expect to administer synthetic vasopressin for hormone replacement therapy.
The posterior pituitary hormone, antidiuretic hormone, regulates the threshold for
Water resorption in the kidney.
Corticotropin (Acthar) interacts with plasma membrane receptors to produce
Enzymatic actions that affect protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism. It doesn’t decrease cAMP production.
A corticotrophin-secreting pituitary adenoma is the most common cause of
Cushings syndrome in women ages 20-40.
Ectopic corticotrophin-secreting tumors are more common in
older men and are often associated with weight loss.
ESR normal range
0-20mm/h.
Bladder infection is cause by
E Coli.
Glomerulonephritis is cause by
Streptococcus.
Gout is characterized by
Overproduction or underexcretion of uric acid.
High uric foods increase incidence of gout; foods including …
Organ meats, meat soups, gravy, anchovies, sardines, fish, seafood, asparagus, spinach, peas, dried legumes, wild game.
Harrington rod is inserted to fuse spine to treat
Scoliosis.
ECT used to treat
Depression.
Fosamax is used to treat
Osteoporosis, which places the client at risk for ECT.
Cisplastin (Platinol AQ)
Antineoplastic that is ototoxic, other Side Effects including hepatotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, tremors and confusion.
Propranolol (Inderal)
Betablocker that is used an antianginal, antiarrhythmic and antihypertension. Side Effects including weakness, hypotension, bronchospasm and depression.
Sedative/hypnotic used for short-term management of insomnia, Side Effects including confusion, daytime drowsiness, blurred vision.
Flurazepam (Dalmane)
Cimetidine (Tagamet)
Histamine H2 antagonist. Side Effects including diarrhea, dizziness, hirsutism.
Normal Hematocryte for man is
41-53%.
Normal Hemoglobine for man is
12-16 mg/dL.
Hematocryte and Hemoglobine are both reduced with
ANEMIA.
Clients diagnosed with anemia need a diet high in
Protein, iron, and vitamins.
AST and ALT normalities
10-40U/mL.
Both AST and ALT are elevated with
Liver disease.
Clients with liver disease needs a diet …
High in carbohydrates, low protein and low Na.
Creatine norm
0.6-1.2 mg/dL.
Norm BUN
10-20 mg/dL.
Both Creatine and BUN are elevated with
Renal disease.
Clients with Renal disease a need diet
Limited protein and restricted K, Na, Ph.
Chronic alcohol use is the most common cause of
Hypomagnesemia (
Hypomagnesemia (
Cardiac arrest.
Manifestations of Hypomagnesemia (
- Increase neuromuscular irritability;
- Tremors;
- Tetany;
- Seizures.
When administering KCl rate of IV Administration should be no faster than
20mEq/h.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is cause by
Rodents.
Signs and Symptoms of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) include
Fever, aching, nausea.
Herpes Zoster (shingles)
Is a reactivation of latent varicella (chickenpox), which has an increase freq rate among adults with a weakened immune system.
Some materials copper, Iron, Steel can result in intense inflammatory reaction if enters
Eye.
Herpes Zoster requires what kind of precautions
Airborne and contact precautions.
Pheochromocytoma signs and symptoms
Increase Heart Rate and palpitations cause by hypersecretion of the adrenal medulla.
Pulmonary embolism signs and symptoms
Pleuritic chest pain and feelings of doom.
IBD (e.g. Crohns & ulcerative colitis) risk for
Colorectal cancer.
Prostate cancer risk factors
> 50 years, Afro-American.
Betablockers are less effective in
African-American than they are in Caucasians.
angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are less effective in
African-American than they are in Caucasians. Such as
captopril (Capoten).
Ferrous sulfate (Feosol) Side effects
Is constipation, gastric irritant, nausea, abdominal cramps, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea and dark colored stools.
Lithium
Is an antimanic used to treat bipolar disorder.
Lithium Side Effects is
Mild thirst, Fine hand tremors, Polyuria.
Early symptoms of toxicity by Lithium are N/V,
Slurred speech, muscle weakness.
Advanced toxicity by Lithium signs and symptoms
Are coarse hand tremor, GI upset, mental confusion, and incordination.
Ataxia indicates severe toxicity by
Lithium.
Digoxin toxic levels
> 2ng/mL (norm 0.5-2).
Bactrim most common Side Effects
Urticaria (mild to mod rash).
Mexiletine (Mexitil)
An antiarrhythmic is used to treat refractory ventricular arrhythmias.
Hypoglycemia signs and symptoms
Anxiety, restlessness, Heart Arrhythmia, irritability, confusion, diaphoresis, cool skin, tremors, coma, seizures.
Diabetic Ketoacidosis signs and symptoms
Kussmaul respirations, dry skin, Hypotension, Bradycardia.
Diabetic Insipidus signs and symptoms
Excess thirst, hunger, Hypotension, Hypernatremia.
DM signs and symptoms
Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss.
Hashimotos thyroiditis signs and symptoms
(hypothyroidism) weight gain, decrease appetite, constipation, lethargy, dry cool skin, brittle nails, coarse hair, muscle cramps, weakness, and sleep apnea.
Hypercortisolism signs and symptoms
weight gain, increase urination, purplish-red striae.
