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Internal Medicine > ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC DISORDERS > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC DISORDERS Flashcards

1
Q

Aspirin toxicity

A

Tinnitus (ringing in the ear).

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2
Q

An elevation serum acetone level and serum ketone bodies are characteristic of

A

Diabetic ketoacidosis.

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3
Q

HHNS (hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome) has

A

An overall deficit of K resulting from diuresis, with occurs secondary to the hyperosmolar, hyperglycemic state cause by the relative insulin deficiency.

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4
Q

Potassium Iodide (Lugol’s solution) reduces

A

The vascularity of the third gland and is used to prepare the gland for surgery.

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5
Q

Potassium Iodide reaches its max effect in

A

1 to 2 wks.

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6
Q

PTU (Propylthiouracil) blocks

A

The conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine, the more biologically active third hormone.

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7
Q

To relieve symptoms of hyperthyroidism in the interim, clients are usually given

A

A beta-adrenergic blocker such as propranolol.

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8
Q

Glipizide (Glucotrol = an oral antidiabetic) adverse reactions

A

Photosensitivity, rash, pruritus. Take 2x/day, 30 mins before meals, because food decrease its absorption.

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9
Q

Hyperparathyroidism signs and symptoms

A

Sleeping more, increase urination, anorexia, weakness, irritability, depression, bone pain that interferes with going outdoors, common in older women.

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10
Q

PTH Parathyroid hormone stimulates

A

The kidneys to reabsorb Ca and excrete phosphate and converts vitamin D to its active form 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D.

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11
Q

Levothyroxine (Synthroid) take on empty stomach

A

To promote regular absorption. In the morning (to help prevent insomnia and to mimic normal hormone release.

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12
Q

Vitamin D must be present for parathyroid hormone to exert its effect-that is

A

To help regulate Ca metabolism. Vitamin D promotes Ca absorption from the intestines.

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13
Q

Pheochromocytoma cause

A

Excessive production of epinephrine and norepinephrine, natural catecholamines that raise the BP.

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14
Q

Phentolamine (Regitine)

A

An alpha-adrenergic blocking agent given by IV bolus or drip antagonizes the body response to circulating epinephrine and norepinephrine reducing BP quickly and
effectively.

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15
Q

Diabetes Insipidus results from

A

Decrease antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) production the nurse should expect to administer synthetic vasopressin for hormone replacement therapy.

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16
Q

The posterior pituitary hormone, antidiuretic hormone, regulates the threshold for

A

Water resorption in the kidney.

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17
Q

Corticotropin (Acthar) interacts with plasma membrane receptors to produce

A

Enzymatic actions that affect protein, fat and carbohydrate metabolism. It doesn’t decrease cAMP production.

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18
Q

A corticotrophin-secreting pituitary adenoma is the most common cause of

A

Cushings syndrome in women ages 20-40.

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19
Q

Ectopic corticotrophin-secreting tumors are more common in

A

older men and are often associated with weight loss.

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20
Q

ESR normal range

A

0-20mm/h.

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21
Q

Bladder infection is cause by

A

E Coli.

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22
Q

Glomerulonephritis is cause by

A

Streptococcus.

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23
Q

Gout is characterized by

A

Overproduction or underexcretion of uric acid.

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24
Q

High uric foods increase incidence of gout; foods including …

A

Organ meats, meat soups, gravy, anchovies, sardines, fish, seafood, asparagus, spinach, peas, dried legumes, wild game.

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25
Q

Harrington rod is inserted to fuse spine to treat

A

Scoliosis.

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26
Q

ECT used to treat

A

Depression.

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27
Q

Fosamax is used to treat

A

Osteoporosis, which places the client at risk for ECT.

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28
Q

Cisplastin (Platinol AQ)

A

Antineoplastic that is ototoxic, other Side Effects including hepatotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, tremors and confusion.

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29
Q

Propranolol (Inderal)

A

Betablocker that is used an antianginal, antiarrhythmic and antihypertension. Side Effects including weakness, hypotension, bronchospasm and depression.

30
Q

Sedative/hypnotic used for short-term management of insomnia, Side Effects including confusion, daytime drowsiness, blurred vision.

A

Flurazepam (Dalmane)

31
Q

Cimetidine (Tagamet)

A

Histamine H2 antagonist. Side Effects including diarrhea, dizziness, hirsutism.

32
Q

Normal Hematocryte for man is

A

41-53%.

33
Q

Normal Hemoglobine for man is

A

12-16 mg/dL.

34
Q

Hematocryte and Hemoglobine are both reduced with

A

ANEMIA.

35
Q

Clients diagnosed with anemia need a diet high in

A

Protein, iron, and vitamins.

36
Q

AST and ALT normalities

A

10-40U/mL.

37
Q

Both AST and ALT are elevated with

A

Liver disease.

38
Q

Clients with liver disease needs a diet …

A

High in carbohydrates, low protein and low Na.

39
Q

Creatine norm

A

0.6-1.2 mg/dL.

40
Q

Norm BUN

A

10-20 mg/dL.

41
Q

Both Creatine and BUN are elevated with

A

Renal disease.

42
Q

Clients with Renal disease a need diet

A

Limited protein and restricted K, Na, Ph.

43
Q

Chronic alcohol use is the most common cause of

A

Hypomagnesemia (

44
Q

Hypomagnesemia (

A

Cardiac arrest.

45
Q

Manifestations of Hypomagnesemia (

A
  • Increase neuromuscular irritability;
  • Tremors;
  • Tetany;
  • Seizures.
46
Q

When administering KCl rate of IV Administration should be no faster than

A

20mEq/h.

47
Q

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) is cause by

A

Rodents.

48
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) include

A

Fever, aching, nausea.

49
Q

Herpes Zoster (shingles)

A

Is a reactivation of latent varicella (chickenpox), which has an increase freq rate among adults with a weakened immune system.

50
Q

Some materials copper, Iron, Steel can result in intense inflammatory reaction if enters

A

Eye.

51
Q

Herpes Zoster requires what kind of precautions

A

Airborne and contact precautions.

52
Q

Pheochromocytoma signs and symptoms

A

Increase Heart Rate and palpitations cause by hypersecretion of the adrenal medulla.

53
Q

Pulmonary embolism signs and symptoms

A

Pleuritic chest pain and feelings of doom.

54
Q

IBD (e.g. Crohns & ulcerative colitis) risk for

A

Colorectal cancer.

55
Q

Prostate cancer risk factors

A

> 50 years, Afro-American.

56
Q

Betablockers are less effective in

A

African-American than they are in Caucasians.

57
Q

angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are less effective in

A

African-American than they are in Caucasians. Such as

captopril (Capoten).

58
Q

Ferrous sulfate (Feosol) Side effects

A

Is constipation, gastric irritant, nausea, abdominal cramps, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea and dark colored stools.

59
Q

Lithium

A

Is an antimanic used to treat bipolar disorder.

60
Q

Lithium Side Effects is

A

Mild thirst, Fine hand tremors, Polyuria.

61
Q

Early symptoms of toxicity by Lithium are N/V,

A

Slurred speech, muscle weakness.

62
Q

Advanced toxicity by Lithium signs and symptoms

A

Are coarse hand tremor, GI upset, mental confusion, and incordination.

63
Q

Ataxia indicates severe toxicity by

A

Lithium.

64
Q

Digoxin toxic levels

A

> 2ng/mL (norm 0.5-2).

65
Q

Bactrim most common Side Effects

A

Urticaria (mild to mod rash).

66
Q

Mexiletine (Mexitil)

A

An antiarrhythmic is used to treat refractory ventricular arrhythmias.

67
Q

Hypoglycemia signs and symptoms

A

Anxiety, restlessness, Heart Arrhythmia, irritability, confusion, diaphoresis, cool skin, tremors, coma, seizures.

68
Q

Diabetic Ketoacidosis signs and symptoms

A

Kussmaul respirations, dry skin, Hypotension, Bradycardia.

69
Q

Diabetic Insipidus signs and symptoms

A

Excess thirst, hunger, Hypotension, Hypernatremia.

70
Q

DM signs and symptoms

A

Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight loss.

71
Q

Hashimotos thyroiditis signs and symptoms

A

(hypothyroidism) weight gain, decrease appetite, constipation, lethargy, dry cool skin, brittle nails, coarse hair, muscle cramps, weakness, and sleep apnea.

72
Q

Hypercortisolism signs and symptoms

A

weight gain, increase urination, purplish-red striae.

Internal Medicine (7 decks)

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