Onco - Generalities

Question 1

cells that are not cancerous

Answer 1

Benign cancer cells

Question 2

cells or processes that are characteristic of cancer

Answer 2

Malignant cancer cells:

Question 2

messynchymal cancer metastasis to the?

Answer 2

lymph nodes

Question 3

Abnormal cells invade surrounding
tissue and gain access to lymph and blood vessels carrying them to other areas of the body

Answer 3

Metastasis

Question 3

solid type of cancer mesastasis to?

Answer 3

blood vessels

Question 4

4 stages of cell proliferation:

Answer 4

Migration
Intravasation (nasa blood vessel na)
Extravasation (buhay na yung cell)
Colonization (metastasis)

Question 5

transition of one cell to another

Answer 5

anaplasia

Question 6

cells that potentially cause cancer

Answer 6

carcinogen

Question 7

Carcinogenesis AKA Malignant transformation
Three-step process:

Answer 7

• Initiation
• Promotion
• Progression

Question 7

gold standard of diagnosing cancer

Answer 7

biopsy

Question 7

determines the size of the tumor, the
existence of local invasion, lymph node
involvement, and distant metastasis
* Tumor, nodes, metastasis (TNM)

Answer 7

staging

Question 8

pathologic classification of tumor
cells: I-IV

(gaano kasimilar sa ibang cells/differentiated)

Answer 8

grading

Question 9

type of biopsy

removing the entire tumor

Answer 9

excisional

Question 10

type of biopsy

removing a PART of tumor

Answer 10

incisional

Question 11

tumor removal

kasali pati nearby organ/tissue

Answer 11

wide excision

Question 12

tumor removal

yung part lang na affected

Answer 12

local excision

Question 13

types of radiation

thru xray machine

Answer 13

external radiation therapy

Question 14

types of radiation

administered within or near the tumor

Answer 14

internal radiation

brachytherapy (ssealed)
oral , iv (unsealed)

Question 15

Types of HSCT

allogeneic

Answer 15

stem cell from other people

Question 16

Type of HSCT

autologous

Answer 16

from the patient his/herself

Question 17

• Major cause of morbidity and mortality in the
  allogeneic transplant population
• Occurs when the donor lymphocytes initiate an immune response against the recipient’s tissues
  (skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver) during the
  beginning of engraftment

Answer 17

Graft-versus-host

Question 18

To prevent GVHD, patients receive
immunosuppressant drugs, such as ___

Answer 18

cyclosporine