Onco - Generalities Flashcards
cells that are not cancerous
Benign cancer cells
cells or processes that are characteristic of cancer
Malignant cancer cells:
messynchymal cancer metastasis to the?
lymph nodes
Abnormal cells invade surrounding
tissue and gain access to lymph and blood vessels carrying them to other areas of the body
Metastasis
solid type of cancer mesastasis to?
blood vessels
4 stages of cell proliferation:
Migration
Intravasation (nasa blood vessel na)
Extravasation (buhay na yung cell)
Colonization (metastasis)
transition of one cell to another
anaplasia
cells that potentially cause cancer
carcinogen
Carcinogenesis AKA Malignant transformation
Three-step process:
- Initiation
- Promotion
- Progression
gold standard of diagnosing cancer
biopsy
determines the size of the tumor, the
existence of local invasion, lymph node
involvement, and distant metastasis
* Tumor, nodes, metastasis (TNM)
staging
pathologic classification of tumor
cells: I-IV
(gaano kasimilar sa ibang cells/differentiated)
grading
type of biopsy
removing the entire tumor
excisional
type of biopsy
removing a PART of tumor
incisional
tumor removal
kasali pati nearby organ/tissue
wide excision
tumor removal
yung part lang na affected
local excision
types of radiation
thru xray machine
external radiation therapy
types of radiation
administered within or near the tumor
internal radiation
brachytherapy (ssealed)
oral , iv (unsealed)
Types of HSCT
allogeneic
stem cell from other people
Type of HSCT
autologous
from the patient his/herself
- Major cause of morbidity and mortality in the
allogeneic transplant population - Occurs when the donor lymphocytes initiate an immune response against the recipient’s tissues
(skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver) during the
beginning of engraftment
Graft-versus-host
To prevent GVHD, patients receive
immunosuppressant drugs, such as ___
cyclosporine
