Mgt of Patients w/ Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders Flashcards
- Inflammation and irritation of the mucous membranes of the
nose - Acute, chronic, non-allergic or allergic (seasonal)
- Common cold is the most common cause of non-allergic rhinitis
(can occur throughout the year)
Rhinitis
- Most frequent viral infection in the general
population - Self-limited and caused by a virus
- Colds are highly contagious.
- Virus is shed for about 2 days before the
symptoms appear and during the 1st part of
the symptomatic phase.
Viral Rhinitis (Common Cold)
Virus exacerbates ___ ___, commonly called a cold sore as it progresses in some people.
* Colds are believed to be caused as many as 200 different viruses.
herpes simplex
most common cause of viral rhinitis
Rhinovirus
typically causes painful vesicular and
ulcerative lesions in the genital and anal areas
* Extremely contagious
* Can be acquired through razors, towels, and
dishes & oral/genital contact (no oral sex)
* Can be transmitted by asymptomatic people.
HSV-2
- Formerly called sinusitis
- Inflammation of paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity.
- bacterial or viral infection.
- Classification
- Acute (less than 4 weeks),
- subacute (4 to 12 weeks),
- chronic (more than 12 weeks).
Rhinosinusitis
- four or more acute episodes of ABRS per year (Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis)
Recurrent acute rhinosinusitis
when left untreated, it can cause Osteomyelitis and mucocele (cyst of
the paranasal sinuses).
Cavernous sinus thrombosis,
meningitis, brain abscess, ischemic
brain infarction, and orbital cellulitis
acute rhinosinusitis
Patients without improvement in 4 weeks with continuous treatment may be candidates for aspiration of the sinus or for sinus surgery.
–
- occurs more often in women
- 12 weeks or longer with ff symptoms
- Mucopurulent drainage, nasal obstruction, facial pain–
pressure–fullness, or decreased sense of Smell, nasal polyps. - RAR is diagnosed when four or more episodes of ABRS occur per year
CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS AND
RECURRENT ACUTE RHINOSINUSITIS
4 or more episodes of Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis =
RECURRENT ACUTE RHINOSINUSITIS
can lead to Severe orbital cellulitis, subperiosteal
abscess, cavernous sinus thrombosis,
meningitis, encephalitis, and ischemic
infarction.
Osteomyelitis
chronic rhinosinusitis
Surgical Mgt for chronic rhino.
- Excising and cauterizing nasal polyps
- Correcting deviated septum
-Incising and draining the
sinuses
-Removing tumor
- Sudden inflammation of the pharynx
- More common in pts younger than 25 years old (adolescent
and young adults). - Sore throat is the primary symptom
- Most are caused by viral infections
Acute Pharyngitis
types of chronic pharyngitis
– general
thickening and congestion of the
mucous membrane
Hypertrophic
Persistent inflammation
of the pharynx
Common in adults who
live in dusty surroundings,
use their voice to excess,
with chronic cough, use of
alcohol and tobacco
Chronic Pharyngitis
Clinical Manifestations
Fiery-red pharyngeal membrane and tonsils
Swollen lymphoid follicles with white purple exudate
Enlarge cervical lymph nodes
No cough
Fever, malaise and sore throat
Acute Pharyngitis
types of chronic pharyngitis
– a late stage of the 1st
type (membrane is thin, whitish,
glistening and wrinkled)
Atrophic
types of chronic pharyngitis
– “clergyman’s
sore throat”, numerous swollen
lymph follicles
Chronic glandular
- Composed of lymphatic tissue and situated on the side of the
oropharynx - Grp A beta-hemolytic strep is the most common organism
- Childhood disorder but can also occur in adults
Tonsillitis/Adenoiditis
- Collection of purulent exudate between the tonsillar capsule
and the surrounding tissue, including the soft palate. - Beta-hemolytic strep
- Can spread over the palate and to the neck and chest
- Edema can cause airway obstruction
- Uncommon in adults
Peritonsillar Abscess
- Result to voice abuse, exposure to dust or chemicals, smoke or
part of URI - Most common cause is virus
- Associates with allergy
- Temperature change, dietary deficiency, malnutrition or
immunosuppressed.
Laryngitis
