Mgt of Patients w/ Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders

Question 1

• Inflammation and irritation of the mucous membranes of the
  nose
• Acute, chronic, non-allergic or allergic (seasonal)
• Common cold is the most common cause of non-allergic rhinitis
  (can occur throughout the year)

Answer 1

Rhinitis

Question 2

• Most frequent viral infection in the general
  population
• Self-limited and caused by a virus
• Colds are highly contagious.
• Virus is shed for about 2 days before the
  symptoms appear and during the 1st part of
  the symptomatic phase.

Answer 2

Viral Rhinitis (Common Cold)

Question 2

Virus exacerbates ___ ___, commonly called a cold sore as it progresses in some people.
* Colds are believed to be caused as many as 200 different viruses.

Answer 2

herpes simplex

Question 3

most common cause of viral rhinitis

Answer 3

Rhinovirus

Question 3

typically causes painful vesicular and
ulcerative lesions in the genital and anal areas
* Extremely contagious
* Can be acquired through razors, towels, and
dishes & oral/genital contact (no oral sex)
* Can be transmitted by asymptomatic people.

Answer 3

HSV-2

Question 3

• Formerly called sinusitis
• Inflammation of paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity.
• bacterial or viral infection.
• Classification
• Acute (less than 4 weeks),
• subacute (4 to 12 weeks),
• chronic (more than 12 weeks).

Answer 3

Rhinosinusitis

Question 4

• four or more acute episodes of ABRS per year (Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis)

Answer 4

Recurrent acute rhinosinusitis

Question 4

when left untreated, it can cause Osteomyelitis and mucocele (cyst of
the paranasal sinuses).

Cavernous sinus thrombosis,
meningitis, brain abscess, ischemic
brain infarction, and orbital cellulitis

Answer 4

acute rhinosinusitis

Question 4

Patients without improvement in 4 weeks with continuous treatment may be candidates for aspiration of the sinus or for sinus surgery.

Answer 4

–

Question 5

• occurs more often in women
• 12 weeks or longer with ff symptoms
• Mucopurulent drainage, nasal obstruction, facial pain–
  pressure–fullness, or decreased sense of Smell, nasal polyps.
• RAR is diagnosed when four or more episodes of ABRS occur per year

Answer 5

CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS AND
RECURRENT ACUTE RHINOSINUSITIS

Question 6

4 or more episodes of Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis =

Answer 6

RECURRENT ACUTE RHINOSINUSITIS

Question 6

can lead to Severe orbital cellulitis, subperiosteal
abscess, cavernous sinus thrombosis,
meningitis, encephalitis, and ischemic
infarction.

Osteomyelitis

Answer 6

chronic rhinosinusitis

Question 7

Surgical Mgt for chronic rhino.

• Excising and cauterizing nasal polyps
• Correcting deviated septum
  -Incising and draining the
  sinuses
  -Removing tumor

Question 7

• Sudden inflammation of the pharynx
• More common in pts younger than 25 years old (adolescent
  and young adults).
• Sore throat is the primary symptom
• Most are caused by viral infections

Answer 7

Acute Pharyngitis

Question 7

types of chronic pharyngitis

– general
thickening and congestion of the
mucous membrane

Answer 7

Hypertrophic

Question 8

Persistent inflammation
of the pharynx

Common in adults who
live in dusty surroundings,
use their voice to excess,
with chronic cough, use of
alcohol and tobacco

Answer 8

Chronic Pharyngitis

Question 8

Clinical Manifestations
Fiery-red pharyngeal membrane and tonsils
Swollen lymphoid follicles with white purple exudate
Enlarge cervical lymph nodes
No cough
Fever, malaise and sore throat

Answer 8

Acute Pharyngitis

Question 9

types of chronic pharyngitis

– a late stage of the 1st
type (membrane is thin, whitish,
glistening and wrinkled)

Answer 9

Atrophic

Question 10

types of chronic pharyngitis

– “clergyman’s
sore throat”, numerous swollen
lymph follicles

Answer 10

Chronic glandular

Question 11

• Composed of lymphatic tissue and situated on the side of the
  oropharynx
• Grp A beta-hemolytic strep is the most common organism
• Childhood disorder but can also occur in adults

Answer 11

Tonsillitis/Adenoiditis

Question 11

• Collection of purulent exudate between the tonsillar capsule
  and the surrounding tissue, including the soft palate.
• Beta-hemolytic strep
• Can spread over the palate and to the neck and chest
• Edema can cause airway obstruction
• Uncommon in adults

Answer 11

Peritonsillar Abscess

Question 12

• Result to voice abuse, exposure to dust or chemicals, smoke or
  part of URI
• Most common cause is virus
• Associates with allergy
• Temperature change, dietary deficiency, malnutrition or
  immunosuppressed.

Answer 12

Laryngitis