Assessment of Respiratory Function Flashcards
Purpose of the Respiratory System
- Deliver oxygen to and expel carbon dioxide
from the body - Upper respiratory system warms and filters
air - Lower respiratory system accomplishes gas
exchange
6 Structures of the Upper Respiratory
Tract
- Nose
- Sinuses and nasal passages
- Pharynx
- Tonsils and adenoids
- Larynx: epiglottis, glottis, vocal
cords, and cartilages - Trachea
4 paranasal sinuses
frontal
ethmoid
sphenoid
maxillary
epithelium of the respiratory
pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
2 functions ofthe sinus
to decrease the weigh of the skull, for phonation
type 1 alveoli function
repair structure
type 2 alveoli function
produces surfactant
this is where the gas exchange takes place
alveoli
2 arteries that is exception of carrying deoxygenated blood
pulmonary and umbilical artery
Lower Respiratory System Structures
Two lungs: five lobes
a. Left: upper and lower
b. Right: upper, middle, and lower
Pleura
Mediastinum
Bronchi and bronchioles
Alveoli
The inner layer that surrounds
the lung itself is called the?
Visceral Pleura
Gas exchange in the lungs
occurs in the?*
Alveolar sacs
is exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide at the alveolar–capillary membrane
Diffusion
- Process of gas exchange between the atmospheric air and the blood and between the
blood and cells of the body - Oxygen concentration in capillaries of the lungs is
lower than in the alveoli
Respiration
What is gas exchange between the lungs and blood, and between the blood and tissues?
Respiration
is flow of air in and out of the lungs
Ventilation
- Oxygen crosses the alveolar–capillary membrane into arterial
blood by diffusion, perfusion carries oxygenated blood to all
body tissues - Oxygen diffuses from areas of higher partial pressure to areas
of lower partial pressure - Oxygen is transported to the cells of the body by combining
with hemoglobin
Perfusion: Oxygen Transport
Clubbing—indicates ___
chronicity
____ is the end product of metabolic
combustion
* it crosses the alveolar–capillary
membrane into venous blood by diffusion, perfusion
carries deoxygenated blood back to the lungs
Carbon dioxide
is arterial/venous circulation filling
pulmonary capillaries with blood
Perfusion
3 Abnormal (adventitious) breath sounds:
a. Crackles
b. Wheezes
c. Friction rub
Subjective distress in breathing
During exercise, respiratory muscles may fatigue,
resulting in shallow, ineffective breathing
Dyspnea
- An increase in pulmonary ventilation that exceeds O2 needs of metabolism
- decreases PCO2
Hyperventilation
- Closing the glottis
following a full
inspiration while
maximally activating the
expiratory muscles - Causes increase in
intrathoracic pressure - Helps stabilize chest
during lifting
Valsalva Maneuver