On field Acute Care and Emergency Procedures

Question 1

What are Emergencies?

Answer 1

unexpected occurrences that require immediate attention

Question 2

What is the “Golden Hour”

Answer 2

the first hour after injury. anything done in this hour to prevent swelling/edema/ improve injury is critical to the success of pt.

Question 3

What can a mistake in the initial injury management lead to?

Answer 3

Prolong the length of time required for rehab or cause a life threatening situation to arise.

Question 4

What is the Primary concern in an emergency?

Answer 4

maintaining CV and CNS functioning

Question 5

What is included on an emergency card?

Answer 5

Personal information, medical history, allergies, medications, emergency contact information, home work and cell numbers, consent to treat and/or transport.

Question 6

When calling 911 What are the critical things to relay to the operator?

Answer 6

type of emergency, suspected injury, present condition of pt, assistance being given, location of phone being used, location of emergency, building limitations (behind a locked gate?, doors to gym open? etc.)

Question 7

Who has the final say in the transportation?

Answer 7

EMT

Question 8

What does the on-field assessment do?

Answer 8

Determines the nature of the injury. Divided into primary and secondary survey.

Question 9

Primary Survery

Answer 9

Used to rule out life threatening situations. surveys for airway, breathing, circulation, shock and severe bleeding. Also used to correct these life threatening situation

Question 10

Secondary Survey

Answer 10

Performed after life-threatening condition is ruled out. Gather info about injury, asses vital signs, perform more detailed evaluations of non life-threatening conditions.

Question 11

Primary Survey

Answer 11

Life threatening injuries take precedents

Question 12

Dealing With The Unconscious Patient

Answer 12

Must always be considered to have life threatening condition. check ABCs. assume neck injury. note body position and level of consciousness.

Question 13

Venous Blood

Answer 13

Dark Red

Question 14

Capillary Blood

Answer 14

Exudes from tissue and is reddish

Question 15

Arterial Blood

Answer 15

flows in spurts and is bright red.

Question 16

How to Control External Bleeding

Answer 16

1st - direct pressure
2nd - elevation
3rd- pressure points

Question 17

hypovolemic Shock

Answer 17

decreased blood volume resulting in poor o2 transportation

Question 18

respiratory shock

Answer 18

lungs unable to supply enough o2 to circulating blood

Question 19

Neurogenic

Answer 19

caused by general vessel dilation which does not allow typical 6L of blood to fill system.

Question 20

Cardiogenic

Answer 20

Inability of heart to pump enough blood

Question 21

Psychogenic

Answer 21

Syncope or fainting caused by temporary dilation of blood vessels reducing BF to brain

Question 22

Septic shock

Answer 22

bacterial infection where toxins cause blood vessels to dilate

Question 23

Anaphylactic

Answer 23

result of allergies. #1 seen by ATCs

Question 24

Metabolic Shock

Answer 24

occurs when illness goes untreated or when extensive fluid loss occurs

Question 25

Signs and Symptoms of shock

Answer 25

moist, pale, cold, clammy skin. weak rapid pulse, increasing shallow respiration, decreased blood pressure, urinary retention and fecal incontinence, irritability or excitement, and potentially thirst.

Question 26

Shock Management

Answer 26

Maintain Core Body Temp, elevate feet above head, keep pt calm, limit spectators, do not give anything by mouth.

Question 27

Secondary Survery

Answer 27

Once pt is deemed stable, secondary begins. assessment of vital signs, state of consciousness, respiration, blood pressure, temperature, skin color, pupils, movement, abnormal nerve response

Question 28

ACDU scale for consciousness means?

Answer 28

Alert, confused, drowsy, unresponsive.

Question 29

What is normal respiration?

Answer 29

12 breaths/min adult 20/25 for child

Question 30

what do you suspect when you see Red Skin Color

Answer 30

elevated temp, heat stroke, high blood pressure

Question 31

What do you suspect when you see white skin color?

Answer 31

insufficient circulation, shock, fright, hemorrhage, heat exhaustion, or insulin shock

Question 32

What do you suspect when you see blue skin color?

Answer 32

airway obstruction or respiratory insufficiency

Question 33

What is the most important factor when checking pupils?

Answer 33

Pupil response is more important than the size.

Question 34

What does dilated pupils indicate?

Answer 34

head injury, shock, use of stimulant

Question 35

What does the pupil failing to accommodate indicate?

Answer 35

brain injury, alcohol, or drug poisoning

Question 36

Why is it important to assess movement in the secondary screening?

Answer 36

because the inability to move could indicate serious CNS deficit impacting motor control (ask to wiggle toes and fingers).

Question 37

What can an Abonormal nerve response indicate?

Answer 37

numbness and tingling in limb with or without movement could indicate nerve or cold damage. block blood vessel could cause severe pain, lack of pulse, loss of sensation. total loss of pain sensation may be caused by hysteria, shock, drug use, or spinal cord injury. Generalized local pain is an indicator that spinal injury is not present.