guide Flashcards
Bleeding athlete, what you need, steps to treat
Items: gloves, sterile gauze, biohazard bag, prewrap, elasticon.
- you, or athlete apply direct pressure to laceration.
- Make sure cute is elevated above heart.
- If needed, use pressure points to stop bleeding from major arteries.
- Apply pressure when wrapping wound.
- Have pt. see you at the end of event.
- Educate about injury.
What are the Signs & Symptoms of internal bleeding?
moist, clammy hands, weak rapid pulse, increasing rapid shallow breathing, low blood pressure, incontinence, urinary retention,
What are the Types of Joints?
Synarthrodic - no motion (skull)
Amphiarthrodic - slightly moveable (vertebra)
Diarthrotic - freely moveable (everything else)
Synovial joints:
Ball and socket - shldr
Hinge - elbow
Pivot - atlis / axis
Saddle - thumb MP joint
Gliding - carpals / tarsals
Ellipsodial - convex head in concave socket (wrist on radius/ulna)
RICE
Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
Who are the Cramer Brothers?
Developed a line of liniments to treat ankle sprains and published THE FIRST AIDER
OSHA
Occupational safety and health administration
Set safety standard requirements for employers to follow to ensure employee safety with regards to occupational exposure to blood borne pathogens
Universal Precautions
aggressive standardized approach to infection control
What do the universal precautions state?
treat all human blood and body fluids as if they contain bloodborne pathogens
OSHA Work Environment Materials
Engineering controls works practice controls PPE universal precautions body substance isolation
Grade I Ligament Strain
some pain, minimal loss of function, no abnormal motion, and mild point tenderness
Grade II Ligament Strain
pain, moderate loss of function, swelling, instability with tearing and separation of ligament and fibers
Grade III Ligament Strain
extremely painful, inevitable loss of function, severe instability and swelling, and may also represent subluxation
What is the Primary Survey Used For?
Rule out any life threatening situations
Survery for CAB
Secondary Survey?
gather specific info about the injury
assess vital signs
perform detailed eval
HEP B
Spread through unprotected sex, sharing needles, needlsticks, or SHARPS
Vaccination results in virtually no risk.
HIV
Retrovirus that combines with a host cell. Infects T-cells, b-cells, and macrophages
S&S of HIV
Fatigue, weight loss, painful/swollen glands, night sweats, fever, muscle/joint pain
AIDS
Most people with HIV develop AIDS. No protection again infections. approximately live 2 years after diagnosed. no cure
Palpation
Start away from the injury, palpate the entire limb
Salter Harris Classifications
Type I - complete separation of the epiphysis from metaphysis
Type II - separation of the metaphysis and fracture of the epiphysis
Type III - fracture of epiphysis
Type IV - Fracture of epiphysis and metaphysis
Type V - compression of epiphysis an metaphysis
Vital Signs
LOC, HR, Movement, BP, Respiration, skin color, body temp, pupils
Greenstick Fracture
Child’s bone, bend and split & chip
Comminuted
Fragments
Linear
Parallel
Transverse
Perp
Oblique
Around - ankle twist but proximal tibia stays still
Spiral
ankle goes medial, proximal tibial goes lateral.
Impacted
ground force
Depressed
Indented
Blowout Fracture
Seperation of bone fragment via pull of ligament or tendon
Contrcoup
Hit front, fracture back. (hit front of skull, injure back of brain)
Serrated
Two seperate bone ends break and rub
Types of Shock
Hypovolemic Respiratory neurogenic cardiogenic psychogenic septic anaphylactic metabolic
What is the primary goal of immediate treatment?
limit swelling / hemorrhaging
incubation
few hours –> months no symptoms
prodromal
aches, pains, can spread disease
Acute
highest development most at risk to spread
Decline
start to feel better, most at risk for relapse
Recovery
Develop Immunity
Sporadic
Randomly
Endemic
certain area
Pandemic
Cross country
Epidemic
wide spread
