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Injury Prevention > Musculoskeletal and Nerve Trauma > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal and Nerve Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

What is Trauma

A

produced by some sort of force. internal, or external.

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2
Q

What is a Mechanical Injury?

A

Force that changes the structure of a muscle/tendons/ligament.

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3
Q

What are the properties of tissues?

A

Load
Stiffness
Stress
Strain

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4
Q

What is Load (tissue Property)

A

external force causes reaction within the tissues

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5
Q

What is stiffness (tissue property)

A

ability of a tissue to resist a load.

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6
Q

What is stress (tissue property)

A

internal resistance to load

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7
Q

What is Strain (tissue property)

A

internal change in tissue

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8
Q

What is Creep?

A

a deformation in shape. creep is a constant force/strain

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9
Q

What are the components of tissue loading?

A

Tension, compression, shearing (across the fibers)

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10
Q

Traumatic Injury

A

direct blow

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11
Q

Overuse Injury

A

repetitive dynamic use over time

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12
Q

Musculotendinous Injuries

A

High incidence in athletics. composed of contractile cells that produce movement.

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13
Q

What characteristics does a musculotendinous unit posses?

A

irritability, contractility, conductivity, elasticity.

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14
Q

What are the three types of muscle?

A

cardiac, smooth, striated

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15
Q

What is a muscle strain?

A

A stretch, rip, or rear to muscle or adjacent tissue.

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16
Q

What is the cause of a muscle strain?

A

1)failure in reciprocal coordination of agonist and antagonist. 2)electrolyte imbalance due to profuse sweating 3) strength imbalance.

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17
Q

Grade I Muscle Strain

A

some fibers have been stretched or torn resulting in tenderness and pain on active ROM, movement painful but full ROM present

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18
Q

Grade II Muscle Strain

A

Number of fibers have been torn and active contraction is painful, usually a depression or divot is palpable, some swelling and discoloration result

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19
Q

Grade III Muscle Strain

A

Complete Rupture of muscle or musculotendinous junction, significant impairment, with initially a great deal of pain that diminishes due to nerve damage.

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20
Q

How long should treatment of a muscle strain last?

A

6-8 weeks. Return to play too soon could result in major injury.

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21
Q

What is a Muscle Cramp?

A

Painful involuntary skeletal muscle contraction. Occurs in well-developed individuals when muscle is in shortened position. can be experienced at night, or at rest.

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22
Q

What is Muscle Guarding?

A

Following injury, muscles within an effected area contract to splint the area in an effort to minimize pain through limitations in motion

23
Q

What is a Muscle Spasm?

A

A reflex caused by trauma.

24
Q

What is a Clonic Muscle Spasm?

A

alternating involuntary muscular contractions and relaxations in quick succession

25
Q

What is a Tonic Muscle Spasm?

A

Rigid Contraction that lasts a period of time

26
Q

What is Muscle Soreness?

A

Overexertion in strenuous exercise resulting in muscular pain.

27
Q

What are the two types of muscle soreness?

A

Acute-onset muscle soreness

Delayed-onset muscle soreness

28
Q

What is the breaking point of a tendon?

A

6-8% increased length. tears generally occur in the muscle, not the tendon.

29
Q

What is the most susceptible tendon to injury?

30
Q

What is tendonitis?

A

inflammation of the tendon

31
Q

What is tendonosis

A

Without proper healing, tendonitis may begin to degenerate and result in tendinosis

32
Q

Tendonopathy

A

Often refers to tendonitis or tendonosis

33
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of the synovial sheath

34
Q

What is a myofascial trigger point?

A

discrete, hypersensitive nodule within tight band of muscle or fascia. Develop as the result of mechanical stress

35
Q

Latent Myofascial trigger points

A

Latent - does not cause spontaneous pain. may restrict movement or cause muscle weakness. become aware of presence when pressure is applied.

36
Q

Active Mysofascial Trigger Point

A

Causes pain at rest, applying pressure = pain = jump sign, tender to palpation with referrred pain. point tender vs. trigger point. found most commonly in muscles involved in postural support

37
Q

What is a contusion?

A

result of a sudden blow to the body. can be both deep and superficial.

38
Q

Atrophy

A

Atrophy is wasting away of muscle due to immobilization, inactivity, or loss of nerve functioning

39
Q

Contracture

A

Contracture is an abnormal shortening of muscle where there is a great deal of resistance to passive stretch.

40
Q

Synarthrotic

A

Immovable joint –> skull

41
Q

Amphiarthrotic

A

Slightly moveable –> vertebrae

42
Q

Diarthrotic

A

Freely moveable

43
Q

Ball and Socket Joint

A

Allows all possible motion –> shoulder

44
Q

Hinge

A

Flexion and Extension.. elbow

45
Q

Pivot

A

Rotation around an axis… atlas/axis

46
Q

Ellipsoidal

A

Convex head in a concave socket… wrist

47
Q

saddle-shaped joint

A

MP joint of thumb

48
Q

Gliding

A

Allows a small amount of gliding back and forth. carpals/tarsals

49
Q

Grade I Ligament Sprain

A

Some pain, minimal loss of function, no abnormal motion, and mild point tenderness

50
Q

Grade II Ligament Sprain

A

pain, moderate loss of function, swelling, and instability with tearing and separation of ligament fibers. may or may not have surgery

51
Q

Grade III Ligament Sprain

A

Extreme pain, inevitable loss of function, severe instability and swelling, and may also sublux. can result in join effusion and swelling, local temp increase, pain and point tenderness, ecchymosis, and possibly an avulsion fracture.

52
Q

Dislocation

A

Occurs when at least one bone in a joint is forced out of alignment and must be manually or surgically reduced.

53
Q

Subluxation

A

Partial dislocation causing complete separation of two bones. bones come back together on their own.

Injury Prevention (6 decks)

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