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Injury Prevention > Bones > Flashcards

Bones Flashcards

1
Q

What is Osteoarthritis

A

The wearing away of hyaline cartilage in bone

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis?

A

pain, stiffness, prominent morning pain, localized tenderness, cracking, crepidus.

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3
Q

What is the primary treatment for osteoarthritis?

A

manage symptoms and correct poor mechanics

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4
Q

What is a Bursa?

A

a fluid filled sac that’s primary function is to reduce friction

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5
Q

What causes Bursitis?

A

sudden irritation can cause acute bursitis, while overuse and constant external compression can cause chronic bursitis.

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6
Q

Signs and Symptoms of Bursitis

A

Pain, swelling, and some loss of function

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7
Q

Capsulitis

A

The Result of repeated joint trauma

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8
Q

Synovitis

A

develops from an improperly treated injury

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9
Q

What is Chronic Synovitis?

A

thickening of the synovial lining and compromises joint mechanics and ROM

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10
Q

Functions of Bone

A

Body support, organ protection, movement via lever systems, calcium storage

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11
Q

Flat Bones

A

Ribs, Skull, and Scap

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12
Q

Irregular Bones

A

Vertebrae and Skull

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13
Q

Short Bones

A

Wrist and Ankle

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14
Q

Long Bones

A

humerus, ulna, radius, fib, tib, femur

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15
Q

What is the Most commonly Injured Bone type?

A

Long bones

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16
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft - hollow and cylindrical covered by compact bone, medullary cavity contains yellow marrow lined by endosteum

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17
Q

Ossification occurs from synthesis of bones and matrix from what two cells?

A

Osteoblasts & osteoclasts

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18
Q

Epiphysis

A

composed of cacellous bone and has hyaline cartilage covering. PROVIDES ATTACHMENT AREA FOR MUSCLE

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19
Q

Periosteum

A

Dense, white, fibrous covering which penetrates bone via sharpey’s fibers. contains blood vessels and oseoblasts

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20
Q

How does the diameter of bone increase?

A

Osteoblasts add bone to the exterior while clasts break down the medullary cavity

21
Q

Wolf’s Law

A

every change in form and function or in its function alone is followed by changes in architectural design.

22
Q

Open Fracture

A

Displacement of the fractured ends breaking through the surrounding tissue

23
Q

Closed Fracture

A

little movement or displacement

24
Q

Signs & Symptoms of a fracture

A

Deformity, pain, point tender, swelling, pain on active and passive motion

25
Q

MOI Fracture

A

Direct or indirect, sudden, violent, and forceful muscle contraction or force must occur.

26
Q

What is a greenstick fracture?

A

when a bone bends and cracks, instead of breaking completely into separate pieces.. Most common in children

27
Q

What is a Comminuted Fracture?

A

A Fracture in which bone is splintered, broken, or crushed into a number of pieces

28
Q

What is a Linear Fracture?

A

runs parallel to the long axis of a bone

29
Q

What is a Transverse Fracture?

A

A fracture which the line of break forms a right angle with the axis of bone

30
Q

What is an Oblique Fracture

A

The line runs obliquely to the axis of bone

31
Q

What is a spiral fracture

A

Torsion

32
Q

What is an impacted fracture?

A

impact

33
Q

What is a depressed fracture

A

depression -> usually happens in the skull (indented)

34
Q

What is an avulsion fracture?

A

separation of bone fragment via the pull of ligament or tendon

35
Q

What is a serrated fracture?

A

Fracture 2 ends of bones that rub together.

36
Q

What are some of the possible causes of stress fractures?

A

Overload due to muscle contraction, altered stress distribution due to muscle fatigue, changes in surface, rhythmic/repetitive stress vibrations.

37
Q

What are the types of fractures seen after a stress fracture?

A

linear & displaced fractures.

38
Q

Typical causes of stress fractures (external)

A

coming back to competition too soon after injury, changing events without proper conditioning, starting initial training too quickly, changing training habits (shoes, turf, etc.), variety of postural and foot conditions

39
Q

What are the common sites for stress fractures?

A

tibia, fibula, metatarsal shaft, calcaneus, femur, pars interarticularis, ribs, and humerus.

40
Q

Who are susceptible to apophyseal injuries?

A

young physically active individuals

41
Q

What are the two typical apophyseal injuries?

A

osgood-schlatter’s and sever’s disease

42
Q

Type 1 Salter-Harris

A

Separation of the physis

43
Q

Type II Salter-Harris

A

fracture-separation of growth plate and small part of metaphysis

44
Q

Type III Salter-Harris

A

Fracture part of the physis

45
Q

Type IV Salter-Harris

A

Fracture Physis and metaphysis

46
Q

Type V Salter-Harris

A

crushing of physis with no displacement- may cause premature damage

47
Q

Osteochondrosis

A

Degenerative changes to epiphyses of bone during rapid child growth

48
Q

Possible Causes of Osteochondrosis

A

Aseptic Necrosis, fractures in cartilage causing fissures to subchondral bone, trauma to a joint that results in cartilage fragmentation resulting in swelling, pain and locking.

49
Q

What is the most frequent nerve trauma?

A

Neuropraxia - disruption of nerves via compression or blunt trauma

Injury Prevention (6 decks)

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