Bones

Question 1

What is Osteoarthritis

Answer 1

The wearing away of hyaline cartilage in bone

Question 2

What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis?

Answer 2

pain, stiffness, prominent morning pain, localized tenderness, cracking, crepidus.

Question 3

What is the primary treatment for osteoarthritis?

Answer 3

manage symptoms and correct poor mechanics

Question 4

What is a Bursa?

Answer 4

a fluid filled sac that’s primary function is to reduce friction

Question 5

What causes Bursitis?

Answer 5

sudden irritation can cause acute bursitis, while overuse and constant external compression can cause chronic bursitis.

Question 6

Signs and Symptoms of Bursitis

Answer 6

Pain, swelling, and some loss of function

Question 7

Capsulitis

Answer 7

The Result of repeated joint trauma

Question 8

Synovitis

Answer 8

develops from an improperly treated injury

Question 9

What is Chronic Synovitis?

Answer 9

thickening of the synovial lining and compromises joint mechanics and ROM

Question 10

Functions of Bone

Answer 10

Body support, organ protection, movement via lever systems, calcium storage

Question 11

Flat Bones

Answer 11

Ribs, Skull, and Scap

Question 12

Irregular Bones

Answer 12

Vertebrae and Skull

Question 13

Short Bones

Answer 13

Wrist and Ankle

Question 14

Long Bones

Answer 14

humerus, ulna, radius, fib, tib, femur

Question 15

What is the Most commonly Injured Bone type?

Answer 15

Long bones

Question 16

Diaphysis

Answer 16

Shaft - hollow and cylindrical covered by compact bone, medullary cavity contains yellow marrow lined by endosteum

Question 17

Ossification occurs from synthesis of bones and matrix from what two cells?

Answer 17

Osteoblasts & osteoclasts

Question 18

Epiphysis

Answer 18

composed of cacellous bone and has hyaline cartilage covering. PROVIDES ATTACHMENT AREA FOR MUSCLE

Question 19

Periosteum

Answer 19

Dense, white, fibrous covering which penetrates bone via sharpey’s fibers. contains blood vessels and oseoblasts

Question 20

How does the diameter of bone increase?

Answer 20

Osteoblasts add bone to the exterior while clasts break down the medullary cavity

Question 21

Wolf’s Law

Answer 21

every change in form and function or in its function alone is followed by changes in architectural design.

Question 22

Open Fracture

Answer 22

Displacement of the fractured ends breaking through the surrounding tissue

Question 23

Closed Fracture

Answer 23

little movement or displacement

Question 24

Signs & Symptoms of a fracture

Answer 24

Deformity, pain, point tender, swelling, pain on active and passive motion

Question 25

MOI Fracture

Answer 25

Direct or indirect, sudden, violent, and forceful muscle contraction or force must occur.

Question 26

What is a greenstick fracture?

Answer 26

when a bone bends and cracks, instead of breaking completely into separate pieces.. Most common in children

Question 27

What is a Comminuted Fracture?

Answer 27

A Fracture in which bone is splintered, broken, or crushed into a number of pieces

Question 28

What is a Linear Fracture?

Answer 28

runs parallel to the long axis of a bone

Question 29

What is a Transverse Fracture?

Answer 29

A fracture which the line of break forms a right angle with the axis of bone

Question 30

What is an Oblique Fracture

Answer 30

The line runs obliquely to the axis of bone

Question 31

What is a spiral fracture

Answer 31

Torsion

Question 32

What is an impacted fracture?

Answer 32

impact

Question 33

What is a depressed fracture

Answer 33

depression -> usually happens in the skull (indented)

Question 34

What is an avulsion fracture?

Answer 34

separation of bone fragment via the pull of ligament or tendon

Question 35

What is a serrated fracture?

Answer 35

Fracture 2 ends of bones that rub together.

Question 36

What are some of the possible causes of stress fractures?

Answer 36

Overload due to muscle contraction, altered stress distribution due to muscle fatigue, changes in surface, rhythmic/repetitive stress vibrations.

Question 37

What are the types of fractures seen after a stress fracture?

Answer 37

linear & displaced fractures.

Question 38

Typical causes of stress fractures (external)

Answer 38

coming back to competition too soon after injury, changing events without proper conditioning, starting initial training too quickly, changing training habits (shoes, turf, etc.), variety of postural and foot conditions

Question 39

What are the common sites for stress fractures?

Answer 39

tibia, fibula, metatarsal shaft, calcaneus, femur, pars interarticularis, ribs, and humerus.

Question 40

Who are susceptible to apophyseal injuries?

Answer 40

young physically active individuals

Question 41

What are the two typical apophyseal injuries?

Answer 41

osgood-schlatter's and sever's disease

Question 42

Type 1 Salter-Harris

Answer 42

Separation of the physis

Question 43

Type II Salter-Harris

Answer 43

fracture-separation of growth plate and small part of metaphysis

Question 44

Type III Salter-Harris

Answer 44

Fracture part of the physis

Question 45

Type IV Salter-Harris

Answer 45

Fracture Physis and metaphysis

Question 46

Type V Salter-Harris

Answer 46

crushing of physis with no displacement- may cause premature damage

Question 47

Osteochondrosis

Answer 47

Degenerative changes to epiphyses of bone during rapid child growth

Question 48

Possible Causes of Osteochondrosis

Answer 48

Aseptic Necrosis, fractures in cartilage causing fissures to subchondral bone, trauma to a joint that results in cartilage fragmentation resulting in swelling, pain and locking.

Question 49

What is the most frequent nerve trauma?

Answer 49

Neuropraxia - disruption of nerves via compression or blunt trauma