OMM 2 Flashcards
acute vs chronic findings
light to firm touch; recent; skin: light, warm, moist, red, hypersympathetic activity; tender, painful; inc muscle tone; nml ROM or dec d/t edema; muscle: boggy, edematous vs light to firm touch; long lasting; skin: cool, pale, dry, vasoconstriction; less tender, dull, achy, paresthesias; dec muscle tone; limited ROM, contractures, ankyloses; muscle: hard, ropy, nonresilient, edema replaced by fibrosis –> affects fascia, muscle movement, ligament
synovial true joints of pectoral girdle
AC joint, sternoclavicular joint, glenohumeral
ligaments of sternoclavicular joint
cartilaginous meniscus –> stability; interclavicular ligament, costoclavicular ligament
ligaments of AC joint
incomplete meniscus but still stable; AC ligament, coracoclavicular ligaments (conoid + trapezoid)
ligaments of scapulothoracic join
no capsule; muscle and fascia in b/w –> pseudoarticulation
fxnl joints of pectoral girdle
scapulothoracic joint, suprahumeral
accessory joints of pectoral girdle
costosternal, sternomanubrial, costovertebral
joints of elbow
humeroulnar (true hinge joint; ligamentous capsule –> thick M/L, weak ant/post), humeroradial, prox radioulnar –> supination/pronation
carrying angle
Flexion/extension w/o rotation of humerus at shoulder
what bones does the wrist consist of? true joint of wrist?
distal ulna and radius, carpal bones. radiocarpal joint (distal radius, scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum)
joints of wrist
radiocarpal (true), midcarpal, ulnomeniscotriquetral pseudojoint
joints of fingers. which are condyloid and hinge?
metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ) = condyloid, MCPJ thumb = hinge; PIP/DIP = hinge –> full flexion, no extension
peripheral nerves of UE
median, ulnar, radial
lymph nodes = found in connective tissue of axilla. name the groups
pectoral, subscapular, apical (apex of axilla), central (deep in pectoralis minor muscle), lateral
8 pelvic bones
ilium 2x, ischium 2x, pubis 2x, sacrum, coccyx
pelvic joints
sacroiliac joint 2x (synovial, fibrous), pubic symphysis (fibrocartilagenous), femoroacetabular/hip joint 2x (synovial ball and socket)
innominate consists of?
ilium, ischium, pubis
ligaments of femuroacetabular joint
anterior = iliofemoral, posterior = ischiofemoral, anteroinferior = pubofemoral
muscles of hip
• Primary flexor = iliopsoas
• Primary extensor = gluteus maximus
• Primary abductor = gluteus medius
• Primary adductor = adductor longus
knee bones
patella (quadriceps and patellar tendon, inc power of quads by inc leverage, largest sesamoid bone), femur, tibia, fibula
knee joints
tibiofemoral joint (true synovial double condyloid joint), prox tibiofibular joint (separate synovial joint at lateral knee)
knee ligaments
M/L collateral ligaments, A/P cruciate ligament, M/L meniscus
ankle joints
tibiotalar/talocrural (synovial hinge) –> plantar/dorsi, talocalcaneal/subtalar (shock absorber) –> in/eversion
ankle ligaments
medial stabilizers (deltoid), lateral stabilizers = ant/posterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular ligament), interosseous membrane b/w tibia and fibula
foot ligaments
spring ligament (calcneonavicular) –> supports medial longitudinal arch, Plantar aponeurosis (plantar fascia) –> starts at calcaneus and attaches to phalanges (strong dense connective tissue)
pes planus
defect of arch –> flat foot –> more shoe wear/tear –> can’t supinate, more rigid foot –> less stable ankle
brachial plexus vs lumbar plexus vs sacral plexus
where nerves unite vs T12-L4, anterior to hip joint –> innervates anterior thigh vs L4-S5, posterior to hip joint –> innervates posterior thigh
extra senses
equilibrioception (balance), proprioception, thermoception, nociception, interoception
6 types of mechanoreceptors
Pacinian corpuscles = pressure and vibration
Meissner’s corpuscles = light touch and vibration
Merkel’s Disc = vibration
Krause end bulbs = receptor for vibration
Ruffini Terminal = stretch
Free nerve endings
4 fxns of fascia
packaging, protection, posture, passageways (somatic/autonomic nerves, lymphatic/arterial/venous vessels)
regional vs segmental spine of motion
whole segment vs one vertebra
know Fryette’s principles
there are 3 –> 3 types of somatic dysfxn
Know nomenclature
know which is for Type I vs II
techniques vs models for OMT
tools that help us tx pts and their somatic dysfxn vs help us choose techniques to tx pts and their somatic dysfxn
5 models for OMT
structural, resp/circ, metabolic, neurological, behavioral
standing screen for lumbar vs pelvis
flex/extension, sidebend, hip drop vs active standing flexion test, passive pelvic side shift test
seated screen for head vs cervical vs thoracic vs sacral
TMJ vs flexion/extension, rotate, sidebend vs sidebend T1-4, T5-8, T9-12; active and passive rotate T9-12 vs active seated flexion test for unilateral sacral dysfxn
screen test for supine vs pronate
active costal cage region/rib test R1-2, 3-5, 6-10 vs active costal cage region/rib test R11-12; passive sacral rock test
landmarks
• Mastoid process
• AC joint
• Inferior scapula
• Fingertips
• Iliac crests
• PSIS
• Greater trochanters
• Knee creases
achilles tendon
medial malleoli
feet arches
characteristics of glenohumoral joint
humeral head = large, covered in articular cartilage; glenoid = small, concave, cartilaginous lip; enclosed by ligamentous capsule –> greatest ROM –> instability
5 types of fascia
brachial (ant/post septum), antebrachial (forearm), interosseous membrane (ant/post of forearm), palmar carpal ligament (descending hand), palmar aponeurosis (deep fascia in hand)
characteristic of femoroacetabular joint
receives blood supply (beware hip fx)
angle of inclination vs Quadriceps angle for patellar tracking
coxa varus <120, nml = 120-135, coxa valgus >135 vs Genu valgum (knock knee), Genu varum (bowleg)
Medial/lateral longitudinal arch vs metatarsal arch vs rigid arch
medial = major shock absorbing arch vs Free of muscle attachments; Foot can adjust to uneven ground –> flattens w/ weight bearing vs Transverse arch –> Maintains osseous architecture of foot
red reflex vs white reflex
deep frxn on tissue –> areas of red/white; red = inc blood flow, white = inc blanching
know where extensor tendon vs lister’s tubercle vs capitate is
tendon on flexed mid finger vs on ulna below index finger vs in line w/ mid finger
femoral artery
in femoral triangle of LE: sartorius, adductor muscle, inguinal ligament
fxns of skin
temp reg, biochemical fxn, protection, absorption/excretion, touch (receptors)
why impaired venous flow of UE?
dysfxn in upper throacic, UE fascia, ribs, clavicle
vein vs artery
axillary –> subclavian –> 1st rib –> anterior scalene muscle –> internal jug vein –> brachiocephalic vein –> behind SC joint –> to midline –> SVC vs L from aorta –> L SC joint; R from brachiocephalic trunk –> 1st rib –> axillary artery –> pectoralis minor –> brachial artery
abduction w/ scapula and humerus
scapula rotates as humerus elevates
