OMM Flashcards
When AT Still flung the flag vs found American School of Osteopathy
1874 vs 1892 in Kirksville, MO
osteopathic philosophy has 4 principles
body = unit of mind, body, spirit; body = capable of self regulation, self healing, and health maintenance; structure and function = reciprocally interrelated; rational tx = based upon understanding of basic principles above
somatic dysfunction
“Impaired or altered function of related components of the somatic system (body framework) : skeletal, arthroidal, and myofascial structures, and related vascular, lymphatic and neural elements”
TART
tissue texture abnlity, asymmetry in structure (static or dynamic), restriction in ROM (usually around a joint), tenderness (the only subjective finding of the 4)
direct vs indirect techniques
limited ROM on L but fine on R –> passive motion to L; Move the dysfunctional segment towards the (restrictive) barrier- aka engage the barrier (ex: high vel-low amp and muscle energy) vs limited ROM on L but fine on R –> passive motion to R; Move the dysfunctional segment away from the (restrictive) barrier- aka disengage the barrier (ex: counterstrain aka strain-counterstrain, balanced ligmentous tension); indirect takes more time than direct
activating force. intrinsic vs extrinsic corrective forces
Force which is used to correct somatic dysfunction. in/voluntary forces from within the patient that assist in the manipulative treatment process vs Treatment forces external to the patient that may include operator effort, effect of gravity, mechanical tables, etc
goal of OMT?
restore homeostasis by using pt’s structure (anatomy) and function (physio), and using med and surgery in all branches/specialties
barriers w/in nml motion. restrictive barrier?
anatomical - limit of motion imposed by anatomic structure; the limit of passive motion, if you go past it –> dmg tissue vs physiological - limit of active motion; extent pt can move a joint; functional barrier vs elastic - range b/w physiologic and anatomic barrier of motion in which passive ligamentous stretching occurs before tissue dmg. restrictive - functional limit tht abnlly diminishes nml physiologic ROM –> diminishes active ROM –> pt thinks it’d be an anatomic barrier but dr can make it move further via passive test –> pt would have a “new neutral”
acute vs chronic findings
light to firm touch; recent; skin: light, warm, moist, red, hypersympathetic activity; tender, painful; inc muscle tone; nml ROM or dec d/t edema; muscle: boggy, edematous vs light to firm touch; long lasting; skin: cool, pale, dry, vasoconstriction; less tender, dull, achy, paresthesias; dec muscle tone; limited ROM, contractures, ankyloses; muscle: hard, ropy, nonresilient, edema replaced by fibrosis –> affects fascia, muscle movement, ligament
end feel
gradual, observable, increase in tension that can be palpated by the physician as they bring a body part through its passive range of motion
why US?
5x greater resolution than MRI, only imging w/ allowing dynamic exam, no radiation, only imging that allows slice you need, extension of physical exam, used for diagnostics and for intervention purposes
pulse-echo technique
sound creates imgs of structures w/in body: transducer emits brief impulses at fixed rate –> “listens” in-b/w for pulse for returning echoes
why inc # of piezoelectric crystals?
better resolution: crystals generate US waves –> vibrate thru tissue => act as transmitter –> electrical current generates from returning echoes –> img => act as receiver
speed of sound in body. relationship b/w wavelength and freq? resolution and freq? axial (vertical) resolution depends on?
1540 m/s (it’s constant). C = wavelength * freq; wavelength and freq = inversely related. higher freq –> higher res but low wavelength –> waves don’t penetrate deep tissue –> deep structures require low freq. freq
Attenuation
dec sound intensity as it passes thru medium; sum of all tissue effect on a sound wave –> dec its energy before returning to transducer: absorption - loss US energy by conversion to heat, reflection - waves = reflected at tissue boundaries and interfaces, refraction - bending beam when encounters media of diff velocities, scattering -> diffraction - spreading out of US beam –> lessens intensity; lower freq has less attenuation –> passes thru deep tissue
linear probe vs curvilinear probe
smaller wavelength –> higher freq –> less penetration –> best for superficial structures vs larger wavelength –> lower freq –> more penetration –> best for deeper structures
