OME - Day 1 Flashcards
What are the four medications everyone with CAD should be on?
Aspirin, Statin, Ace-inhibitor, and Beta-blocker
What class of medication prevents death in the first 24 hours post MI?
Beta Blockers
You want a stress test, but the patient has heart failure, so what kind of stress test do you do?
Nuclear
You want a stress test, but the person has ANY reason they can’t walk. What kind of stress test do you do?
Pharmacologic stress test
A cath is performed and there’s 3 vessel disease. What’s the next step?
CABG
What’s the magic time where you give tPA rather than transport for PCI in STEMI?
60 minutes
You want a stress test, but the patient has a history of a CABG, so what kind of stress test do you do?
Nuclear
A person calls EMS with chest pain and known coronary artery disease; what’s the first step?
Nitro (not aspirin)
A person comes into the ED with chest pain; what do you give them first?
Aspirin (not nitro)
A cath is performed and the LAD and left circumflex are blocked. What’s the next step?
CABG
Dyspnea on exertion, worsening orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - diagnosis?
Congestive Heart Failure
What medication do you give if there’s volume overload in a CHF patient?
Loop diuretics (IV in exacerbation, PO if not exacerbated)
At what ejection fraction should someone be considered for AICD placement?
EF < 35% (and Stages I-III)
You suspect CHF exacerbation;
what’s the first step?
ECG (to rule out arrhythmia and infarction)
You suspect CHF;
what blood test do you get?
BNP (Brain natriuretic peptide)
You suspect CHF;
which imaging do you order?
2D Echo aka Echocardiogram
A pregnant woman has a rumbling systolic murmur with an opening snap. Diagnosis?
Mitral valve prolapse
Crescendo-Decrescendo Murmur right sternal border?
Aortic Stenosis
First line treatment for mitral stenosis?
Balloon Valvotomy
Old man passes out while shoveling snow; what’s the most likely murmur?
Aortic Stenosis
Septic Shock from Aortic Insufficiency gets?
Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump
Teenager who gets profound dyspnea while playing a sport, diagnosis?
Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy
Treatment for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy?
Beta-blockers (avoid exercise, avoid dehydration)
What test do you do before replacing the aortic valve?
Left Heart Cath (you may need a CABG)
You diagnose mitral valve regurgitation; what’s the most likely cause?
Papillary Muscle rupture
Diagnosis for Asymmetric Hypertrophy of the septum
HOCM
Treatment for dilated cardiomyopathy?
Beta-blockers, Ace-inhibitors, and Diuretics
(treat it like systolic dysfunction)
How do you treat a restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Beta-blockers (diastolic failure)
