OLEARY L3 Flashcards
What does catabolism begin with?
-Typically begins with extracellular polymers
-Proteins, carbs and fats are processed through distinct channels initially - which converge later on in common intermediates
-Hydrolases initiate polymer breakdown
How can we screen for microbes producing hydrolases?
By plating out on substrate like fat, protein, starch and looking for zones or clearing suggesting substrate breakdown
What are the enzymes used in biological detergents?
Hydrolases to degrade stains - fats, proteins, polysaccharudes - under mild conditions
What is usedto make high fructose corn syrup?
Glucose isomerase
What happens to the 6-carbon in glycolysis?
Glycolysis splits the 6-carbon glucose into 2 X 3-carbon pyruvate
-2 molecules of ATP are produced
-2 molecules of NAD- are reduced to NADH
-Since pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis is it the major intermediate in cell
What is the phosphoketolase pathway (heterolactic) distinguished by?
The cleavage enzyme phosphoketolase
What does phosphoketolase do?
Enzyme cleaves pentose phosphate into glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and acetyl phosphate
This fermentation pathway is employed mainly by heterolactic acid bacteria
What happens in the Entner-Doudoroff pathway?
The Entner-Doudoroff pathway yields 2 pyruvic acid from glucose - same as the E-M pathway but like the phosphoketolase pathway, oxidation occurs before the leavage and net energy yield is one mole of ATP per mole of glucose utilized
What is the ky enzyme in the Entner-Doudoroff pathway?
KDPG Aldose
When is Acetyle CoA produced?
When oxygen is present
-Acetyl CoA is a major metabolic intermediate wich can feed into other pathways
What is pyruvate to acetyl coA a tipping point for?
-Whether an organism can use oxidative phosphorylation/aerobic respiration or it switches to fermentation
What is the Citric Acid cycle?
(Krebbs cycle)
-key engine within cell
-feeding intermediates out to other pathways (e.g Amino acid synthesis and supplying reduced coenzymes to the electron transport chain for energy)
What does the TCA/ Krebs cycle produce alot of and what happens these molecules?
-Produces alot of reduced coenzymes (NADH,FADH2) which travel to ETC and donate electrons and proton to generate ATP
Fermentation…….
The use of organic molecules as terminal electron acceptors
What are the fermentation products of propionibacterium and what do they make?
CO2, propionic acid
Swiss cheese
