Lecture 1

Question 1

Who reported that living things were composed of little boxes or cells and in what year?

Answer 1

Robert Hooke in 1665

Question 2

Who was the first to visualize bacteria and in what year?

Answer 2

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek in 1673-1723

Question 3

What did Antoni van Leeuwenhoek describe?

Answer 3

Live microorganisms that he observed in teeth scrapings rainwater and peppercorn infusions

Question 4

What is biogenesis?

Answer 4

Living organisms arise from pre- existing life

Question 5

Who carried out an experiment on spontaneous generation and what did he use?

Answer 5

Jan Baptista van Helmont
He put a sweaty shirt with wheat on top of it in an open-mouthes jar for 21 days - mice

Question 6

Who challenged spontaneous generation and when?

Answer 6

Francesco Redi in 1668

Later refuted by Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

Question 7

What did Ferdinand Cohn do?

Answer 7

(1828-1898)
Credited with founding of bacteriology
-Discovered heat resistent spores in Bacillus

Question 8

What did John Tyndall do?

Answer 8

1820-1893
Experiments disproving spontaneous generation
Tydallisation -heat resistant spores can germinate after heat exposure

Question 9

When was the golden age of microbiology?

Answer 9

1857-1914
-Louis Pasteur
-Joseph Lister
-Ferdinand Cohn
-Robert Koch

Question 10

What did Louis Pasteur do?

Answer 10

-Disproved sponatneous generation of microorganisms
-Showed that microbes are responsible for fermentation - the conversion of sugar to alcohol to make beer and wine
-Pasturisation to kill spoilage bacteria
-Supporter of now known Germ Theory of Disease
-Developed vaccines - anthrax, fowl cholera, rabies

Question 11

What did Joseph Lister do?

Answer 11

1827-1912
-Implemented techniques to kill microbes
–antiseptic techniques - wear clean gloves

Question 12

What did Robert Koch do?

Answer 12

-Credited w ´germ theory of disease´
-Developed solid plates and pure culture of m/os
-Demonstrated that Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax
-Discovered the vibrio that causes cholera and brought back cultures of it to germany

Question 13

What are Koch´s Postulates?

Answer 13

1. The suspected pathogen must be present in all cases of the disease and absent from healthy animals
2. The suspected pathogen must be grown in pure culture
3. Cells from a pure culture of the suspected pathogen must cause disease in a healthy animal.
4. The suspected pathogen must be reisolated and shown to be the same as the original