OLEARY L2

Question 1

What is metabolism?

Answer 1

Primarily - the capture, transformation and distribution of solar energy

Question 2

Who captures the energy?

Answer 2

-Primary producers - plants - trap the suns energy and use it to generate ATP
-They use ATP to carry out cellular tasks like transport, motion, sensing, drive biosynthesis (anabolism) of complex structures

Question 3

What can ATP be considered like?

Answer 3

ATP can be considered a nucleotide which has been repurposed to energy storage

Question 4

What are the 2 types a primary consumer could be?

Answer 4

-Phototrophic - sunlight
-Chemotrophic - breaking chemical bonds- referred to as oxidation=the removal of electrons. Substrate is donating electrons or is an electron donor

Question 5

What substances can electrons be donated by?

Answer 5

-Inorganic molecule (Litho-)
-Organic molecule (Organo-)

Question 6

What is it called when electrons are collected?

Answer 6

-Electrons donated are collected by an electron acceptor which becomes reduced - gains electrons
-These redox rxns are at the heart of metabolism and energy generation

Question 7

When an organism has a source of energy and an electron donor to facilitate redox rxns what is the last element required for biosynthesis?

Answer 7

Carbon

Question 8

Biosynthesis utilises: CO2 vs Organic molecules

Answer 8

Carbon dioxide - autotroph
Organic molecules - heterotroph

Question 9

LOOK AT DIVERSITY CHART

Question 10

What are the 2 ways to phsophorylate ADP to ATP?

Answer 10

Substrate Level
-Old, simple/direct, low yield per mole of substance
-phosphoenolpyruvate –mg2+, k+– pyruvate

Oxidative
-More evolved, complicated, greater yield per mole, requires external final electron acceptor, proton motive force, electron transport chain, ATP synthetase
-Electron transport system

Question 11

Examples of eukaryotic ATP generation

Answer 11

Oxygenic photosynthesis, alcohol fermentation (yeast), aerobic respiration, lactic acid fermentation

Question 12

Examples of prokaryotic ATP generation

Answer 12

Heterolactic pathway, anoxygenic photosynthesis, oxygenic photosynthesis, aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, methanogenesis, entner-doudoroff pathway, lactic acid fermentation, lithotrophy, alcohol fermentation (bacteria)

Question 13

Formation of explosion

Answer 13

Clostridium acetobutylicum + starch —– acetone ———– explosion

Question 14

Who is known as the Father of Industrial Microbiology?

Answer 14

Chaim Weizmann