Older athlete

Question 1

What tests are included in the safe assessment?

Answer 1

1. cardiovascular fitness
2. muscular fitness
3. Flexibility fitness
4. Balance Fitness

Question 2

what measure looks at functional kinetic chain endurance

Answer 2

scapular plank

Question 3

3 requirements for pylometric training

Answer 3

1. foundational strength ( prep phase of RT of 2-3 months)
2. good core strength
3. good local + global motor control

Question 4

PF ability to produce force is predictor of performance in

Answer 4

1. TUG
2. max walking speed

Question 5

Fast Gait Speed is a functional measure of

Answer 5

rate of force development for plantarflexors

Question 6

how much rest is recommended for older athletes with pylometric training

Answer 6

48 to 72 hours

Question 7

what training recommendation do you have to improve CV performance?

Answer 7

increase intensity ( HIIT in older athletes) to improve threshold for heart to reach
*many older adults have ceiling effect in HR ( cant go any higher)

Question 8

2 key age related changes in gait biomechanics

Answer 8

1. decreased PF
2. increase hip muscle power
   distal to proximal shift in power generation

Question 9

common compensation in terms of step length and frequency

Answer 9

1. decreased step length ( ankle biomechanics decreased PF)
2. increase step frequency ( hip mechanical output )

Question 10

athletes with LE inflexibility / weakness increase trailing limb angle by

Answer 10

1. increase trunk flexion
2. increase anterior pelvic tilt

Question 11

3 primary contributors to forward propulsion of Com during walking, running, and STS

Answer 11

Gmax
Quads
PF

Question 12

increased trunk flexion what is the cause of this compensation ( STS) 2 causes

Answer 12

1- hip/ knee extensor
2- abdominal weakness

Question 13

wide stance what is the cause of this compensation ( STS) 2 causes

Answer 13

1- hip abductor weakness
2- postural instability

Question 14

increased anterior pelvic tilt what is the cause of this compensation ( STS) 2 causes

Answer 14

1- Glute max + ab weakness
2- decreased hip extension ROM

Question 15

uncontrolled STS what is the cause of this compensation

Answer 15

hip extensor weakness ( glute max)

Question 16

Why might an athlete perform better on the balance test on foam with eyes open than on firm surface with eyes closed?

Answer 16

upweigh vision
downweight proprioception and vestibular

Question 17

Decreased DF will lead to this during gait

Answer 17

increase stance time
cant clear foot

Question 18

reduced hip extension ROM will lead to
these 3 things

Answer 18

Decreases push off,
increases trunk flex,
increases anterior pelvic tilt

Question 19

During fast walking, an athlete has a forward posture with increased hip flexion and anterior pelvic tilt-
what is the cause of this compensation

Answer 19

Glute max weakness ( compensation gives mechanical advantage to glutes)

Question 20

During fast walking, an athlete has a posterior lean with posterior pelvic tilt due to?

Answer 20

Tight hamstrings and weak core

Question 21

During the 5X STS, an athlete’s feet are not staying planted on the floor and he is not achieving full knee/hip ext when standing up?

Answer 21

weak soleus

Question 22

What is the significance of the push-off during gait?

Answer 22

Push off helps push the body forward and transfer weight onto opposite limb

Question 23

How does change of age affect pushoff (ie, what are the impairments causing it)?

Answer 23

• Decrease muscular force
• decrease elastic energy storage
  = decrease mechanical power to push off

Question 24

What is the role of motor control in exercise prescription for the older athlete?

Answer 24

<60% of threshold= 5%-10% increase muscular fitness with resistance training but changes are related to motor learning rather than biological increase in contractile protein in muscle tissue

Question 25

screen for pylometrics includes these 3 exercises

Answer 25

1. Calf raises DL and SL
2. Stationary leg hops
3. SL dynamic hops