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WSET D3 > Old World numbers > Flashcards

Old World numbers Flashcards

Rain, sun, altitude, vine density and yields

1
Q

Bierzo altitude

A
  • Hillside 500-850m
  • Surrounded by Sierra Cantabira
  • High for Spain
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1
Q

Rias Baixas rainfall

A

Extremely high 1,700mm

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2
Q

General Spanish messeta altitude

A

600-900m

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3
Q

Bordeaux rainfall

A
  • Moderate at 950mm/year
  • But rains throughout the growing season
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4
Q

Bordeaux sunshine hours

A

2,100 hours

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5
Q

Marlborough sunshine hours

A

2,500 hours

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5
Q

Bordeaux vine density

A
  • High quality at up to 10,000 vines/ha (1m in between)
  • Generic Bordeaux 3-4,000 vines/ha
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6
Q

La Mancha vine density

A
  • Low for both bush and VSP
  • Dry farmed bush at 1,000 vines/ha
  • Drip irrigated VSP at 3,000 vines/ha
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7
Q

Toro vine density

A

Low <3,000 vines/ha
Even lower with fewer bunches per vine due to lack of water

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8
Q

Toro altitude

A

Mid for Spain at 600-750m

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9
Q

Rioja area under vine

A
  • Huge at 65,000 ha
  • Up 50% compared to 1990
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10
Q

Ribera del Duero altitude

A

High for Spain at 750-1,000m

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11
Q

Ribera del Duero rainfall

A
  • Low at 4-600mm/year
  • Irrigation allowed
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12
Q

Rias Baixas rainfall

A
  • Extremely high at 1,700mm/year
  • Free draining sandy gravel over granite helps
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13
Q

Rueda rainfall

A

Low <500mm

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14
Q

Rueda altitude

A

High for Spain at 7-800m

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15
Q

Rioja length

A

“100km of diversity”

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16
Q

Rioja Alta altitude

A
  • High for Spain at 700m
  • Similar to Alavesa
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17
Q

Rioja Alavesa altitude

A
  • High for Spain at 700m
  • Similar to Alta
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18
Q

Rioja Oriental altitude

A
  • Varied between 500-1,000km
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19
Q

Rioja latitude

A

42° N

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20
Q

Rioja soil

A
  • Calcareous clay for the two cool regions (Alta and Alavesa)
  • Ferrous clay for Oriental
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21
Q

Rioja rainfall

A

Sufficient at 700mm/year

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22
Q

Aragon soil

A
  • Free draining rocky soils
  • Only low density bush vines can survive if not irrigated
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23
Q

Penedes altitude

A

Ranging from moderate for the Central plains (500m) to high for Superior (800m)

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24
Q

Penedes rainfall

A

Low at 500mm/year

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25
Q

Priorat rainfall

A

Low at 5-600mm/year

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26
Q

Priorat legal max yield

A
  • 39hL/ha
  • In reality, can be sub 10hL/ha
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27
Q

Priorat altitude

A

Varied from low of 100m to high of 750m

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28
Q

Monsant altitude

A

Varied from low of 100m to high of 770m

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29
Q

Costers del Segre rainfall

A

Low under 500mm/year

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30
Q

Valencia altitude

A

High for Spain at 700-1,100m

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31
Q

Valencia rainfall

A

Low at 450mm/year

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32
Q

Utiel-Requena altitude

A

High for Spain at 750m

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33
Q

Utiel-Requena rainfall

A

Low at 450mm/year

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34
Q

Alicante rainfall

A
  • Extremely low at 250mm/year
  • Marina sub-region closer to 500mm/year
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35
Q

Jumilla rainfall

A

Extremely low below 300mm/year

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36
Q

Jumilla altitude

A

Mid-high for Spain at 400-800m

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37
Q

Yecla altitude

A

High for Spain 500-900m

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38
Q

Yecla rainfall

A

Extremely low below 300mm/year

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39
Q

La Mancha altitude

A

Moderate for Spain 500-700m

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40
Q

La Mancha rainfall

A
  • Low 300-400mm/year
  • 40% vineyards irrigated
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41
Q

Vinho Verde rainfall

A

Extremely high at 1,500mm

Vines are usually trained up in Lyre system to mitigate the high humidity

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42
Q

Baixo Corgo rainfall

A

High at 900mm

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43
Q

Cima Corgo rainfall

A

Sufficient at 700mm

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44
Q

Douro Superior rainfall

A

Low at 450mm

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45
Q

Dao rainfall

A
  • Relatively high with 1,600mm/yr in the west and 1,100mm/yr in the east
  • Still Mediterranean
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46
Q

Dao altitude

A
  • Moderate for Portugal at 400-500m
  • With some pockets on Serra da Estrela subregion reaching 900m
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47
Q

Bairrada rainfall

A

High at 800-1,200mm

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48
Q

Alentejo rainfall

A
  • Sufficient with variation of north at 800mm/yr and south 500mm
  • Drip irrigation is common
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49
Q

Alentejo altitude

A
  • Low in the plains
  • High for the mountainside at 800m - Alto Alentejo
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50
Q

France wine region latitude

A

42-49°N

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51
Q

Bordeaux latitude

A

45°N

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52
Q

Bordeaux area under vine

A

111,000 ha (2x Rioja, almost 20x of Canada)

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53
Q

Sauternes and Barsac max yield

A

25hL/ha

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54
Q

Bordeaux AOC max yield

A

White 67hL/ha
Red 60hL/ha
Rosé 62hL/ha

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55
Q

Bordeaux Superieur AOC max yield

A

59hL/ha for reds

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56
Q

Medoc AOC max yield

A

55hL/ha; red ONLY

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57
Q

Haut-Medoc AOC max yield

A

55hL/ha; red ONLY

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58
Q

Left Bank commune max yield
(Pauillac, Saint-Julien, Margaux, Saint-Estephe)

A

57hL/ha

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59
Q

Graves max yield

A

White 58 hL/ha
Red 55hL/ha

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60
Q

Pessac-Leognan AOC max yield

A

54 hL/ha for both red and white

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61
Q

Entre-deux-Mers AOC max yield

A

65 hL/ha, white ONLY

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62
Q

Saint-Emilion AOC max yield
(including satellites Montagne and Lussac)

A

53 hL/ha

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63
Q

Saint-Emilion Grand Cru AOC max yield

A

46 hL/ha

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64
Q

Pomerol AOC max yield

A

49hL/ha

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65
Q

Cotes de Beaux max yield

A

White 55hL/ha
Red 52hL/ha

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66
Q

Chablis area under vine

A

5,800 ha

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67
Q

Chablis rainfall

A

Sufficient at 700mm

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68
Q

Petit Chablis max yield

A

60 hL/ha, same as Chablis AOC

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69
Q

Chablis max yield

A

60 hL/ha, same as Petit Chablis AOC

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70
Q

Chablis Premier Cru max yield

A

58 hL/ha

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71
Q

Chablis Grand Cru max yield

A

54 hL/ha

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72
Q

Cote d’Or rainfall

A

Sufficient at 700mm

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73
Q

Cote d’Or latitude

A

47°N

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74
Q

Cote d’Or vine density

A

8,000-10,000 vines/ha

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75
Q

Burgundy regional appellations max yield

A

White 75 hL/ha
Red 69 hL/ha

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76
Q

Burgundy village level max yield
Including Premier Crus

A

White 45-47 hL/ha
Red 40-45 hL/ha

77
Q

Burgundy Grands Crus max yield

A

White 40 hL/ha
Red 35 hL/ha

78
Q

Number of Burgundy Grands Crus

79
Q

Number of Burgundy Premier Crus

80
Q

Beaujolais altitude

81
Q

Rhone sunshine hours

A

High at 2,700 hours/year!

82
Q

Burgundy high altitude

A
  • 400m at most
  • Most Grand Crus at 100-250m
83
Q

Beaujolais high altitude

A

450m, eg. Cote de Py

84
Q

Alsace high altitude

A
  • 400m at most
  • Most Grand Crus at 200-250m
85
Q

Alsace AOC max yield

A
  • Varietally differentiated
  • Pinot Blanc 100 hL/ha
  • Riesling 90 hL/ha
  • Pinot Gris & Gewurztraminer 80 hL/ha
  • Pinot Noir 60 hL/ha
86
Q

Alsace + commune max yield

87
Q

Alsace + lieu-dit max yield
eg. Bergheim

88
Q

Alsace Grand Cru max yield

A

50-55 hL/ha

89
Q

Muscadet AOC max yield

A

70 hL/ha (2020 onward)

90
Q

Other Muscadet appellations, communaux and sur lie yield

91
Q

Muscadet Serve et Maine and communaux yield
eg. Clisson, Gorges, Le Pallet

92
Q

Loire rainfall by section

A
  • Nantais - 900mm
  • Anjour-Saumur & Touraine - 700 mm
  • Central Vineyards - 750 mm
93
Q

Savennieres AOC max yield

A
  • 50 hL/ha
  • Lower at 30 hL/ha for subregion La Roche aux Moines and Coulee de Serrant
94
Q

Max yield level for average Anjou-Saumur appellations

A
  • 60+ hL/ha
  • Same for Rosé d’Anjou (65) and Cabernets d’Anjou (60)
95
Q

Vouvray AOC max yield

96
Q

Rhone area under vine

A
  • 70,000 ha
  • Southern 66,000 ha
  • Northern 4,000 ha
97
Q

Northern Rhone cru vine density

A
  • 10,000 vines/ha
98
Q

Northern Rhone cru max yield range

A

40-45 hL/ha, including Condrieu, white Hermitage and Saint-Peray

99
Q

Southern Rhone max yield ranges

A
  • Cotes du Rhone AOC - 51 hL/ha (white and red)
  • Cotes du Rhone Villages AOC - 44 hL/ha
  • Cotes du Rhone Villages + named village - 41 hL/ha
  • Lower for the top crus < 40 hL/ha (eg. Châteauneuf-du-Pape 36-38 hL/ha)
  • Higher for the lesser crus <60 hL/ha (eg. Ventoux, Luberon)
100
Q

Rhone altitude range

A

50-600m
High alt crus including Gigondas (~600m), Vacqueyras (~440m), Ventoux (~450m) and Vinsobres (200-500m)

101
Q

Languedoc-Roussillon area under vine

A
  • 240,000 ha
  • More than Chile, Australia or South Africa as individual countries
102
Q

Languedoc rainfall

A

Lower but sufficient at 600mm/year

103
Q

% Languedoc’s wine labelled as IGP

A

70% allowing 58 grape varieties

104
Q

IGP Pays d’Oc max yield

A
  • 90 hL/ha for white and red
  • 100 hL/ha for rosé
105
Q

Languedoc altitude range

A

50-400m, hillsides are getting reclaimed by quality-minded producer

106
Q

Max % of white varieties in Provence rosé

107
Q

Provence rosé fruits chilled to °C before pressing

A

4°C to avoid oxidation and browning of colour

108
Q

Châteauneuf-du-Pape max yield

A

36-38 hL/ha, but the reality is more like 30 hL/ha

109
Q

Bandol max yield

110
Q

Cahors rainfall

A

700mm/year, still very much influenced by the Atlantic

111
Q

Cahors altitude

A

Plateau up to 350m

112
Q

Madiran rainfall

A

High at 1,000mm

113
Q

Jurancon rainfall

A

High at 1,200mm, that’s why thick-skin varieties like the Mansengs shine

114
Q

Jurancon altitude

A

300m at the foothills of the Pyrenees

115
Q

Jurancon max yield

A

Jurancon Sec - 60 hL/ha
Jurancon - 40 hL/ha, at least 40g/L RS
Jurancon Vendanges Tardives - 40 hL/ha, at least 55g/L RS

116
Q

Germany area under vine

A

About 100,000 ha, slightly smaller than Bordeaux

117
Q

Austria rainfall ranges

A

Low to sufficient at 450-850mm, driest being Wachau and wettest Steiermark

118
Q

Austria max yield

A
  • Legally 67.5 hL/ha
  • Five year average around 49 hL/ha
119
Q

Wachau rainfall

A

Low at 450mm/year

120
Q

General annual rainfall ranges (7)

A
  1. Very high - 1,200mm+
  2. High - 900-1,200mm
  3. Moderate - 700-900mm
  4. Sufficient - 500-700mm
  5. Low - 300-500mm
  6. Very low - <300mm
121
Q

Weinviertel rainfall

A

Sufficient at 400-600mm

122
Q

Tokaj vine density

A
  • Low density at 4,000-5,000 vines/ha trained VSP
  • Older plots are high at 10,000 vines/ha
123
Q

Tokaji actual yields

A
  • Dry whites 30-40 hL/ha
  • Aszu 2-3 hL/ha
124
Q

Tokaj rainfall

A
  • Sufficient at 500-600 mm/year, half falling during the growing season
  • Soft bedrock encourages vines to root deep to find water as well
  • No irrigation allowed
125
Q

Tokaj latitude

A

48°N but moderate continental thanks to protective Zemplen Mountains and warm Pannonian winds

126
Q

Austria wine regions latitude

127
Q

Maceration time of Aszu berries

A

12-60 hours

128
Q

Maceration time for Tavel and Lirac rosés

A

24-48 hours

129
Q

RS levels of Tokaji styles (6)

A

In ascending order:
1. Dry - 0-6g/L
2. Szamorodni dry - 0-6g/L
3. Szamorodni sweet - 45g/L min, reality 90-110g/L
4. Late harvest - 45g/L min, reality 90-110g/L
5. Aszu - 120 g/L min, equivalent of five puttonyos
6. Escenzia - 450 g/L min

130
Q

Greece wine regions altitude range

131
Q

Greece wine regions latitude

132
Q

Greece all region rainfall

A

Sufficient at 650-700mm

133
Q

Naoussa altitude

A

Moderate for Greece at 150-400m

134
Q

Amynteo altitude

A
  • High for Greece at 600-750m
  • Fully exposed to northerly winds
  • Resulting in a more floral but more taninic style of Xinomavro
135
Q

Nemea altitude by zones (3)

A
  1. Low at 230-400m - good for high quality sweets
  2. Mid at 450-650m - good for high quality reds
  3. High at 650-1,000m - good for rosés
136
Q

Santorini rainfall

A

Extremely low at 350mm/year

137
Q

Santorini max and actual yields

A

60 hL/ha legall but in reality 15 hL/ha

138
Q

Santorini vine density

A

Low basket vines at 2,500 vines/ha

139
Q

Italian latitude

140
Q

Alto-Adige altitude

141
Q

Number of sunshine days in Alto-Adige

142
Q

Alto-Adige max yield

143
Q

Trentino max yield

144
Q

Valpolicella DOC max yield

145
Q

Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG max yield

146
Q

Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG max yield

147
Q

Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG minimum drying time

A

100-120 days

148
Q

Valpolicella rainfall

A

High at 900-1,100mm/year

149
Q

Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG min alc

150
Q

Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG usual RS

A

5-9 g/L, maximum at 9 g/L

151
Q

Pinot Grigio delle Venezie DOC max yield

152
Q

Bardolino DOC max yield

153
Q

Piedmont rainfall

A

High at 1,200mm/year with some falling during harvest months (Sept and Oct)

154
Q

Piedmont altitude range

155
Q

Barolo area under vine

A

2,000 ha and growing

156
Q

Barolo DOCG max yield

A

56 hL/ha, same as Barbaresco

157
Q

Barbaresco DOCG max yield

A

56 hL/ha, same as Barolo

158
Q

Traditional vs contemporary skin maceration times for Nebbiolo

A
  • Traditional 3-4 months on skin -> 5-8 years in old wood
  • Contemporary 3-4 weeks on skin (top qual) -> 3-5 years in old wood
159
Q

Barbaresco area under vine

A

1,200 ha, just 60% of that of Barolo

160
Q

Barbera d’Asti DOCG max yield

161
Q

Nizza DOCG max yield

162
Q

Piemonte DOC max yield

A

84 hL/ha for Barbera, 77 hL/ha for Dolcetto

163
Q

Dolcetto d’Alba DOC max yield

164
Q

Gavi DOCG max yield

165
Q

Gavi DOCG Reserva max yield

166
Q

Roero Arneis DOCG max yield

167
Q

Chianti traditional vs contemporary skin maceration time

A
  • Traditional: 30 days leading to 3-4 years ageing to soften tannins
  • Contemporary: 7-10 days for early drinking; 15-25 days for high quality wines
168
Q

Tuscany altitude range

A
  • Up to 500m (Classico)
  • Anything below 300m is considered low
169
Q

Chianti DOCG max yield

170
Q

Chianti subzones max yield
(Rufina, Colli Senesi etc)

171
Q

Chianti Rufina DOCG altitude

172
Q

Chianti Classico DOCG altitude

173
Q

Chianti Classico DOCG max yield

A

52.5 hL/ha

174
Q

Chianti Classico DOCG minimum Sangiovese percentage

A

80 before 2023 revision; 90% now

175
Q

Brunello di Montalcino distance from the Mediterranean Sea

176
Q

Brunello di Montalcino max yield

177
Q

Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG max yield

A

56 hL/ha, similar to Brunello and Chianti Classico

178
Q

Morellino de Sacansano DOCG max yield

A

63 hL/ha, similar to Chianti DOCG

179
Q

Tuscany sunlight hours

A

2,500 hours, similar to Marlborough

180
Q

Tuscany latitude

181
Q

Bolgheri DOC altitude

A
  • Oldest vineyards at high altitude around 400m
  • Now lower altitude also planted, benefiting from the same cooling sea breezes
182
Q

Bolgheri DOC vine density

A

6,000 vines/ha, lower than Bordeaux top vineyards’ 10k

183
Q

Tuscany rainfall

A

900mm/year, slightly lower than Bordeaux but mostly in the off seasons

184
Q

Bolgheri Rosso Superiore max yield

185
Q

Bolgheri Rosso max yield

186
Q

Maremma DOC max yield

187
Q

Aglianico del Vulture DOC max yield

188
Q

Aglianico del Vulture DOC rainfall

A

Lower end of sufficient 550mm/year; vines get water from the limestone clay during summer drought

189
Q

Aglianico del Vulture DOC altitude

A

Up to 600m

190
Q

Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG max yield

191
Q

Aglianico del Vulture DOC max yield

192
Q

Puglia rainfall

A

Sufficient at 600mm/year max

WSET D3 (10 decks)

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