Old past papers Flashcards
a) What is the optimal dose of fluoride in delivery water? (1)
1ppm
What mechanism does topical fluoride prevent caries? (2)
- Fluoride prevents cavities in three ways. The first is by promoting remineralization of enamel forming fluorohydroxyapatite. This gives the second method of prevention = resisting demineralization as this reduces the enamel solubility. The 3rd way is that in high concentrations fluoride is bacteriostatic preventing further cell growth
Three reasons for obturation of root canal? (3)
- Provide a coronal seal
- Prevent ingress of periodontal fluids
- Seal in any remaining bacteria without fermentable substrate
Which part of root canal filling is most important in long term success? (1)
coronal restoration
Briefly describe the steps in obturating the canal of an upper central? (6)
- Select master GP cone and while holding it at working length check for tug back in prepared canal
- A cone fit radiograph should then be taken, and master cone altered if the fit is incorrect
- Canal should be dried with paper points
- Coat the master cone in sealer and ensure it is inserted to working length
- Use a finger spreader to achieve cold lateral compaction of master GP point
- Insert accessory cone coated with sealer into space created by finger spreader
- Repeat addition of accessory cones and use of finger spreader until all space is filled
- Using the alpha remove excess GP from pulp chamber then compact with a plugger
What is meant by Watt and Macgreger’s ‘biometric guides’? (3)
- Upper teeth should be set buccal to the residual ridge
- Upper central incisors should be 8-10mm anterior to incisive papilla
- Lower teeth should be set on the ridge
When applying the biometric guides what anatomical feature is the reference point? (1)
Incsive papilla
What are the clinical features of primary hyperparathyroidism?
- Renal calculi
- Polyuria/Polydipsia
- Peptic ulcer pain
- Bone pain
b) What are the radiographic features of primary hyperparathyroidism?
- Generalised osteoporosis
- Loss of lamina dura
- Subperiosteal resorption in fingers and resorption in terminal phalanges
- Multiple bone cysts
c) What abnormal biochemical test results would be expected with hyperparathyroidism?
- Raised calcium levels
- Increased PTH levels
- Hypercalciuria
d) What are the main complications of primary hyperparathyroidism?
- Irreversible renal damage
- Pathological fracture
What are the normal dental and occlusal features that you would expect to find in a 10-year-old child?
- Teeth erupted
- Absence of crowding or spacing
- Good alignment
- Incisors of average inclination
- Cs and Ds may be mobile/exfoliated
- May have midline diastema with distally tipped central and lateral incisors as normal developmental feature due to position of U/E 3s relative to roots of laterals (“ugly duckling stage”)
- Canines palpable buccally
- Tooth wear on deciduous teeth
b) What is the purpose of a post?
- Retain the core
- Provide intra redicular support for restoration
How much GP should be left in the canal space when placing a post?
4-5mm
h) What is the disadvantage of a tapered post?
- Act as wedges causing root fracture
