2019 Flashcards
a) Three reasons for non-surgical perio treatment tx before surgical tx. (3 marks)
- Reduce pocket depths
- Allow for gingival margin to stabilise
- Ensures patient has improved their oral hygiene
- Reduce inflammation
b) Two indications for surgical treatment at re-evaluation. (2 marks) perio
- OH is good but perio is persisting
- Pocket depths > 5mm
- Patient highly motivated
c) When would you re-evaluate non-surgical tx? (1 mark) perio
Re-evaluate after 3 months
e) Three supportive roles of general dental practitioner GDP after surgical treatment. (3 marks) perio
- Maintain periodontal health
- Detect and treat recurrent periodontal disease
- Maintain an accepted level of disease
- Manage tooth loss
b) What are three risks associated with antibiotic prophylaxis? (3 marks)
- Allergic reactions
- Increased risk of C. difficile infection
- Increase in antibiotic resistance
f) What are the causes of congestive heart disease?
- Damage to heart muscle
- High BP
- Hypertension
- VSD
- Valve disease
g) What are the symptoms of heart failure?
- Depend on side affected
- Left hand side:
o Dyspnoea
o Tachycardia
o Low BP
o Low vol pulse - Right hand side:
o Swollen ankles
o Pitting oedema
o Ascites
o Raised JVP
o Tender enlarged liver
o Poor GI absorption
h) What are the signs of heart failure?
- Shortness of breath
- Swelling of feet and legs
- Chronic lack of energy
- Difficulty sleeping due to breathing problems
- Swollen or tender abdomen
- Cough with frothy sputum
- Increased urination at night
- Confusion and/or impaired memory
i) What is the treatment for congestive heart failure?
- Acute emergency hospital management:
o Oxygen
o Morphine
o Frusemide - Chronic community based
o Improved myocardial function
o Reduce compensation effects
o Where possible treat cause - Drug therapy in chronic heart failure:
o Diurectics
o ACE inhibitor
o Nitrates
o Inotropes
o STOP NEGATIVE INOTROPES – BETA BLOCKERS
a) What is lip competence and incompetence?
- Competent – lips meet at rest, relaxed mentalis muscle
- Incompetent – lips do not meet at rest, relaxed mentalis muscle
b) Circumoral musculature?
- Muscles encircling the mouth
- Orbicularis oris
- Buccinator
- Levator anguli oris
- Depressor anguli oris
- Zygomaticus major
- Risorius
How it affects the upper incisors
How it affects the lower incisors
(incompetent lips?)
-Lip trap, may procline upper incisors
-May lead to relapse of overjet if persists at the end of treatment
-Hyperactive lower lip may retrocline lower incisors
-Indicates likely instability at end of treatment
e) Common relapses.
- Spacing
- Rotations
- Crowding in lower labial area
f) Causes of relapse.
- Tongue thrust
- Lip trap
- Hyperactive lower lip
c) Explain the effect of digit sucking habit on posterior teeth. (2 marks
- Tongue is held in a lower position due to mandible being lowered
- Sucking action narrows the cheeks applying force on maxillary teeth
- Force causes narrowing of upper arch and thus posterior crossbite
