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OLD RCDD flashcards > (OLD) €h 01 - Principles Of Transmission > Flashcards

(OLD) €h 01 - Principles Of Transmission Flashcards

0
Q

1–2 electrical conductors

Common electrical conductor =

A

Except fiber or silver alloy (does not belong)

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1
Q

1-1 Metallica media – general

Volts, amp, ohm =

A

V, A, (ohm)

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2
Q

1–2 description of conductors

Copper =

A

100% conductivity

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3
Q

1–2 description of conductors

Alloy Copper =

A

Adverse conductivity

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4
Q

1–3 solid conductor properties

Aluminum corrosion resistance =
Aluminum oxidation resistance =

A
  • Good

* poor

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5
Q

1–4 solid vs stranded conductors

Advantages solid conductors =

A

Better transmission

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6
Q

1–4 solid vs stranded conductors

Advantages stranded conductors =
(2). ^

A
  • more flexible

* except better transmission (does not belong)

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7
Q

1–5 AWG intro

AWG =
2

A
  • American wire gauge

* accepted in North America

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8
Q

1–5 insulation intro

PVC =
PE =

A
  • Inside

* OSP

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9
Q

1–6 insulation intro

Teflon trademark =

A

du Pont

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10
Q

1–6 insulation intro

FEP trademark =

A

Daikin

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11
Q

1–6 insulation intro

Halar trademark =

A

Solvay

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12
Q

1–7 insulation electrical characteristics

Dielectric strength =

A

Measures maximum voltage

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13
Q

1–8 balance twisted pair cable

Twisting pairs =

A

Minimize Crosstalk

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14
Q

1–8 balance twisted-pair cable

Capacitance =

A

Electrical field

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15
Q

1–8 balance twisted-pair cable

Mutual inductance =

A

Measure magnetic field

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16
Q

1-8 balance twisted-pair cable

Pair twists =

A

Counterclockwise

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17
Q

1–8 balance twisted-pair cable

Tight twists =

A

Preserves cable shape

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18
Q

1–9 environmental considerations – temperature

Balance twisted-pair cable =

A

Increased attenuation above 68°F

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19
Q

1–9 environmental considerations – temperature

High temperatures in =
3

A
  • Exterior
  • ceilings
  • mechanical rooms
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20
Q

1-14 types of shields

Shields =

A

Except fiber related, does not belong

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21
Q

1-14 types of shields

Solid wall metal tubes (conduit) =

A

Best possible shield

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22
Q

1–15 types of cable

Braid shield =
2

A
  • audio = good

* magnetic field = poor

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23
Q

1–15 types of

Foil shield =

A

Excellent

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24
Q

1–15 shield effectiveness

Poor =
Excellent =

A
  • Less than 20 dB

* more than 60 dB

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25
Q

1–15 shield effectiveness

Permeability =

A

Magnetic substance

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26
Q

1-16 drain wires

Shield not properly grounded =

A

Effectiveness reduced

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27
Q

1-16 drain wire applications

Drain wire =

A

Longitudinally

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28
Q

One – 17 analog signal intro

Analog =
2

A
  • wave

* example - sinusoid

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29
Q

1-18 sinusoidal signal

Human hearing =

A

20 Hz to 20,000 Hz

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30
Q

1-18 sinusoidal signal

Voice circuits =

A

300 to 3400 Hz

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31
Q

1-18 sinusoidal signal

Kilohertz =

A

1000 Hz

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32
Q

1-19 sinusoidal signal

Phase =

A

Time

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33
Q

1-19 sinusoidal signal

One cycle =

A

360 degrees

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34
Q

1-20 sinusoidal signal

Sinusoidal theorem =

A

Joseph Fourier

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35
Q

1-21 decibel (dB)

If you have one watt of power on your input and one watt on your output, what is the total amount lost in dB?

A 
1000
  500 = 3
  250 = 3
 125 = 3
   62.5 = 3
    31.25 = 3
    15.625 = 3
      7.8125 = 3
      3.90 = 3
      1.95 = 3
        .97 = 3
= 30dB
      ^
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36
Q

1-22 decibel dB

Doubling power =

A

+3dB

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37
Q

1-22 decibel dB

1/2 power =

A

-3dB

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38
Q

1-22

Phenomenon =

A

Echo

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39
Q

1-23 telephony

Telecom transmission system =
3

A
  • source energy
  • medium to carry
  • receiving
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40
Q

1-23 telephony

Same load =

A

Same impedance

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41
Q

1-24 telephony

600 ohm impedance

A

Private line circuits

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42
Q

1-24 telephony

900 ohm impedance

A

Central office circuits

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43
Q

1-24 telephony echo

Speed of light =

A

186,000 mi/s

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44
Q

1-24 telephony echo

Speed of light in cable =
Or EM radiation slows

A

.56c to .74c

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45
Q

1-24 telephony echo

Satellite delay =

A

1/4 (0.25) second

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46
Q

1-25 telephony distortion

D loading =
H loading =

A
  • 4495ft

* 6004ft

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47
Q

1-28 IP telephony

VIOP power source =

A

Except bridge, does not belong

48
Q

1-29 digital signals

Digital signals =

A

Discrete steps

49
Q

1-29 digital signals

Analog to digital =

A

4th step - companding

50
Q

1-30 analog-to-digital

Analog sampling theorem =

A

Harry Nyquist

51
Q

1-30 analog-to-digital

Companding =
2

A
  • A-law - Europe

* Mu-law - United States, Canada, Japan

52
Q

1-30 digital signal

PCM =
2

A
  • pulse code modulation

* 256 levels

53
Q

1-30 PCM

8000 samples/s x 8 bits / sample =
How many levels?

A

64,000 b/s

54
Q

1-31 PCM

Codecs =

A

Conversion of speech

55
Q

1-34 encoding

Encoding methods =
2

A
  • AMI = alternate mark inversion; bipolar

* Manchester = +- equal intervals; biphase

56
Q

1-35 digital data to digital signal

Baud (rate) =

57
Q

1-36 digital data to digital signal

Coding method
STS-1 =

58
Q

1-36 digital data to digital signal

Coding method
STS-3 =

59
Q

1-41 types of transmission circuits

Transmission circuits =
3

A
  • Simplex = one direction
  • Half-duplex = both directions one at a time
  • full-duplex = both directions at the same time
60
Q

1-42 asynchronous and synchronous transmissions

Asynchronous =

A

Start and stop

61
Q

1-42 asynchronous and synchronous transmission

Synchronous =

A

Efficient

Mastclock

62
Q

1-43 digital hierarchy

TDM =

A

Combine multiple data streams

63
Q

1-43 digital hierarchy

Basic ISDN =

A

Residential

64
Q

1-43 digital hierarchy

Primary ISDN North America =
4

A
  • large business
  • 1.544 Mb/s
  • 23 B channels
  • 1 D channel
65
Q

1-43 digital hierarchy

Primary ISDN Europe =
4

A
  • large business
  • 2.048 Mb/s
  • 30 B channels
  • 1 D channel
66
Q

1-49 video transmission

Baseband signaling =
2

A

Composite and component

67
Q

1-50 video transmission

Component format RGB =

A

Red, green, blue

68
Q

1-51 broadband video

RF carrier=

A

Represents a TV channel

69
Q

1-53 transmission line concepts

Conductance (G) =

A

Represents leakage

70
Q

1-59 transmission line concepts

Crosstalk =

A

Signal interference

71
Q

1-59 transmission line concept

NVP =
2

A
  • percentage of the speed of light

* .62c

72
Q

1-59 transmission line concept

Balance twisted-pair cables =

A

.56c to .74c

73
Q

1-60 transmission line concept

Delay skew =
2

A
  • difference in propagation delay

* not to exceed 45ns

74
Q

1-61 signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)

Q= 10mW signal input lead and 10 microwatts of noise 1 dB of loss per 100ft in a 1000ft run. What is rage SNR?

A

20dB

SNR (dB) = 20 log ( Vo / Vn) = 20 log (Vi / Vo)

Vo = received signal voltage level
Vn = noise signal voltage level at the receiver
Vi = transmitted signal voltage level
75
Q

1-61 transmission line concepts

ACR =
2

A
  • Attenuation to Crosstalk ratio

* minimum NEXT loss - maximum attenuation

76
Q

1-63 balance twisted-pair performance

Balance twisted pair cables =

A

Impedance of 100 ohms

77
Q

1-72 balance twisted-pair applications

ANSI/TIA/EIA-232-F =

78
Q

1-72 balance twisted-pair applications

DS1 rate =

A

2 twisted-pair

79
Q

1-72 balance twisted-pair applications

100BASE – T4 =

A

4 twisted-pair

80
Q

1-72 balanced twisted-pair applications

10GBASE-T =

A

4 twisted-pair

81
Q

1-76 balanced twisted pair applications

Baluns =
3

A
  • impedance matching device
  • twisted-pair to coaxial and coaxial to twisted-pair
  • UTP to coaxial
82
Q

1-79 optical fiber intro

Simple model of telecom systems =
3

A
  • transmitter
  • receiver
  • medium
83
Q

1-80 optical fiber transmitters

850 nm
1300 nm

A

Multimode (mm)

84
Q

1-80 optical fiber transmitter

1310 nm
1550 nm

A

Singlemode (sm)

85
Q

1-86 optical fiber transmitters

VCSEL =

A

Vertical cavity surface emitting laser

86
Q

1-86 optical fiber transmitters

VSCEL advantages =
2

A
  • cost-effective mm transmitter for gigabit ethernet and fibre channel
  • 10Gigabit and fibre channel
87
Q

1-91 optical fiber medium

           Type.         Bandwidth OM1 = OM2 = OM3 =
A
  • 62.5um MM 200 & 500MHz*km
  • 50um MM 500 & 500MHz*km
  • 50um laser, VSCEL 2000 &500MHz*km
88
Q

1-91. Optical fiber media

OS2 =

A

Low-water peak

89
Q

1-92 balance twisted-pair channel performance

ISO Class C =
ISO Class D =

A

Cat3, 16MHz

Cat5e, 100MHz

90
Q

1-98 optical fiber bandwidth

Dispersion =
2

A
  • bandwidth limitations

* light pulse to broaden

91
Q

1-98 optical fiber bandwidth

Measure maximum optical fiber dispersion =

A

Picoseconds (psec)

92
Q

1-99 optical fiber bandwidth

Chromatic dispersion =

93
Q

1-102 Optical fiber bandwidth

Classifications of fiber =

94
Q

1-102 optical fiber bandwidth

MM 1Gb/s =

95
Q

1-106 optical fiber bandwidth

Visible light wavelengths =

A

400nm to 700nm

96
Q

1-106 optical fiber bandwidth

wavelength =

97
Q

1-107 optical fiber bandwidth

SM loss value =
2

A
  • outside cable .5dB

* inside cable 1.0dB

98
Q

1-109 optical fiber application support

12 connectors x 0.75dB =
6 connectors x 0.75dB =

99
Q

1-109 optical fiber application support info

Maximum attenuation for
50um mm
62.5um mm
Singlemode (OSP)

A
  • 3.5dB & 1.5dB
  • 3.5dB & 1.5dB
  • 0.5dB & 0.5dB
100
Q

1-116 verifying optical fiber performance and electronics compatibility

Power penalty for:
LED’s
Lasers

101
Q

1-116 verifying optical fiber performance electronics compatibility

Power penalty for repair margin =

A

Two repair splices

102
Q

1-118 verifying optical fiber performance and electronics compatibility

Temperature changes =

103
Q

1-118 verifying optical fiber performance and electronics compatibility

Maximum connection loss =

104
Q

1-118 verifying optical fiber performance and electronics compatibility

Splice loss =

105
Q

1-118 verifying optical fiber performance and electronics compatibility

Slice loss for fusion:
MM & SM =

106
Q

1-118 verifying optical fiber performance and electronics compatibility

Splice loss of mechanical:
MM & SM =

107
Q

1-122 optical fiber SONET & SDH concepts

SONET =

A

Synchronous optical network

108
Q

1-122 optical fiber SONET & SDH concepts

SDH =

A

Synchronous digital hierarchy

109
Q

1-122 optical fiber SONET & SDH concepts

STS-1/OC-1 =

A

51.84 MB/s

672 voice channel

110
Q

1-122 optical fiber SONET & SDH concepts

STS-3/OC-3 =

A

155.52 MB/s

2016 voice channels

111
Q

1-122 optical fiber SONET & SDH concepts

STS-12/OC-12 =

A

622.08 Mb/s

8064 voice channels

112
Q

1-123 optical fiber SONET & SDH concepts

Multiplexing design =

113
Q

1-124 optical fiber SONET & SDH concepts

WDM =
2

A
  • wavelength division multiplexing

* uses lenses

114
Q

1-124 optical fiber SONET & SDH concepts

WDM lenses =

A

Refract and direct light

115
Q

1-36 digital data to digital signals

Coding method
ISDN (basic) =
ISDN (primary) =

A
  • 160 Kb/s

* 1.544 Mb/s

116
Q

1-90 optical fiber medium

Core size selection =
3

A
  • active equipment
  • distance
  • bandwidth (data rate)
117
Q

1-118 attenuation

Fusion =
Mechanical =

A
  • permanent, 0.3

* emergency/temporary,0.3

118
Q

1-129 North American digital signal

DS1 =
DS1C =
DS3 =

A
  • 24 channels
  • 48 channels
  • 672 channels

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