Old Exams : Final Flashcards
To compensate for random errors, you use what?
The average
What is the normal surgical depth for a BIS value?
40 - 60
What is the most immediate indication of a circuit disconnect?
Bellows collapse
What is the definition of the isoelectric line?
P-R interval
The R-R interval difference in patients based on gender is what?
The larger weight = Decrease HR and increased R-R interval
The best type of fluid line to use to monitor BP?
Short and stiffy
What is the effect of long sections of IV tubing on dampening of arterial waveforms?
Resonates at lower frequencies
Increased ringing
Decreased dampening
What is the effect of tiny amounts of air on dampening the arterial waveform?
Increases compliance
What changes occur when measuring arterial waveforms from central body locations to peripheral body locations?
Peripheral has : increased pulse pressure steeper dP/dt Increased systolic pressure Decreased diastolic pressure Dicrotic notch occurs later on the waveform
Interpretation of the critical damping (damping coefficient) diagram is what?
0.7
What is the position of the stopcock of transducer to effectively zero the transducer?
Off to the patient
Open to the atmosphere
How do you use an ultrasonic doppler system to determine blood pressure?
Place a flat probe over the radial artery, and the sound will disappear when the cuff exceeds intra-arterial pressure
What are the phases of the Korotkoff sounds?
1) Tapping (snap)
2) murmur
3) thumping
4) muffle
5) silence
When does the left ventricle get perfused?
Diastole
What is the effect of using too small of a BP cuff on blood pressure readings?
Reading is falsely elevated
The width of a BP cuff should be what percentage of the extremities circumference?
40%
Reentry phenomenon and arrhythmia’s, what is it?
A disorder of impulse transmission creating a reentry loop that shows conducting complications (mechanism of ectopic rhythms)
What does hypokalemia cause?
U waves
Arterial waveform is best for counting what?
HR
Pulse ox is best for counting what?
Pulse rate
What does the overdamped arterial system affect the waveform?
Lower sloped
What is the importance of mean arterial pressure?
Tissue / organ perfusion
What is the importance of systolic arterial pressure?
For suturing
For preventing aneurisms from rupturing
For anastemosis
What is SET pulse oximeter use?
Signal extraction technology
Reduces motion artifact
What are the effects of the interaction between the resonant frequency of the monitoring system and the frequency components of the BP waveform?
Overshoot / ringing
0.7 dampening coefficient is optimal
What IV dye has the greatest effect on pulse ox reading?
Methylene blue
Give the order of greatest effect to least effect of dyes on pulse ox reading?
Methylene blue Lymphazurine blue Indocyaniane green Indigo carmine (Fluorosciene no effect)
What is the most common artifact and error for invasive pressure monitoring?
Ringing
What is the physical basis of peripheral arterial tonometry?
Senses pressure by a transducer placed on skin over artery, the intra-arterial pressure is transmitted from inside the vessel through the skin to the transducer
What is the accuracy range for pulse ox?
+/- 2 from 70-100%
+/- 3 from 50-70%
What is an element that affects static calibration and zeroing of pressure transducer systems?
Height
What is the effect of a too large BP cuff?
Falsely low BP
and fast return to flow
What is a potential error of the auscultatory method of BP determination?
Deflating the cuff too quickly
What is the meaning of SpO2?
Saturation pulsatile O2
What is the definition of systolic pressure?
Vascular wall tension
What is the definition of diastolic pressure?
Driving pressure for blood flow to LV
What is the effect of small amounts of dampening on arterial waveforms?
Decreases systolic overshoot
Makes for a better reading
What is the effect of large amounts of dampening on arterial waveforms?
Only shows mean pressure
Pulse ox is derived from which law?
Beer’s law
What is the effect hydrostatic pressure on BP readings?
1.87 mmHg per inch
How does tubing diameter affect reasonate frequency?
Smaller diameter decreases resonance which increases ringing
Larger diameter increases resonance which decreases ringing
What is the suggested deflation rate for a manual BP cuff?
3 mmHg / heart beat
Which wavelength is displayed as pulse ox waveform on the screen?
Infrared 940 nm
For DINAMAP readings, adult readings are given as what pressure?
Pediatrics are given as what readings?
Diastolic = adults
Mean = peds
What is the device that tracks the HR?
Cardiotachometer
When using the auscultatory method, which pressures can you get?
Systolic
Diastolic
In adults, how often do you change A-line catheters, transducers, and flush tubings?
Every 96 hours
