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I & M > Old Exams : Final > Flashcards

Old Exams : Final Flashcards

1
Q

To compensate for random errors, you use what?

A

The average

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2
Q

What is the normal surgical depth for a BIS value?

A

40 - 60

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3
Q

What is the most immediate indication of a circuit disconnect?

A

Bellows collapse

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4
Q

What is the definition of the isoelectric line?

A

P-R interval

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5
Q

The R-R interval difference in patients based on gender is what?

A

The larger weight = Decrease HR and increased R-R interval

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6
Q

The best type of fluid line to use to monitor BP?

A

Short and stiffy

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7
Q

What is the effect of long sections of IV tubing on dampening of arterial waveforms?

A

Resonates at lower frequencies
Increased ringing
Decreased dampening

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8
Q

What is the effect of tiny amounts of air on dampening the arterial waveform?

A

Increases compliance

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9
Q

What changes occur when measuring arterial waveforms from central body locations to peripheral body locations?

A 
Peripheral has :
increased pulse pressure
steeper dP/dt
Increased systolic pressure
Decreased diastolic pressure
Dicrotic notch occurs later on the waveform
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10
Q

Interpretation of the critical damping (damping coefficient) diagram is what?

A

0.7

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11
Q

What is the position of the stopcock of transducer to effectively zero the transducer?

A

Off to the patient

Open to the atmosphere

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12
Q

How do you use an ultrasonic doppler system to determine blood pressure?

A

Place a flat probe over the radial artery, and the sound will disappear when the cuff exceeds intra-arterial pressure

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13
Q

What are the phases of the Korotkoff sounds?

A

1) Tapping (snap)
2) murmur
3) thumping
4) muffle
5) silence

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14
Q

When does the left ventricle get perfused?

A

Diastole

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15
Q

What is the effect of using too small of a BP cuff on blood pressure readings?

A

Reading is falsely elevated

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16
Q

The width of a BP cuff should be what percentage of the extremities circumference?

A

40%

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17
Q

Reentry phenomenon and arrhythmia’s, what is it?

A

A disorder of impulse transmission creating a reentry loop that shows conducting complications (mechanism of ectopic rhythms)

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18
Q

What does hypokalemia cause?

A

U waves

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19
Q

Arterial waveform is best for counting what?

A

HR

20
Q

Pulse ox is best for counting what?

A

Pulse rate

21
Q

What does the overdamped arterial system affect the waveform?

A

Lower sloped

22
Q

What is the importance of mean arterial pressure?

A

Tissue / organ perfusion

23
Q

What is the importance of systolic arterial pressure?

A

For suturing
For preventing aneurisms from rupturing
For anastemosis

24
Q

What is SET pulse oximeter use?

A

Signal extraction technology

Reduces motion artifact

25
Q

What are the effects of the interaction between the resonant frequency of the monitoring system and the frequency components of the BP waveform?

A

Overshoot / ringing

0.7 dampening coefficient is optimal

26
Q

What IV dye has the greatest effect on pulse ox reading?

A

Methylene blue

27
Q

Give the order of greatest effect to least effect of dyes on pulse ox reading?

A 
Methylene blue
Lymphazurine blue
Indocyaniane green
Indigo carmine
(Fluorosciene no effect)
28
Q

What is the most common artifact and error for invasive pressure monitoring?

A

Ringing

29
Q

What is the physical basis of peripheral arterial tonometry?

A

Senses pressure by a transducer placed on skin over artery, the intra-arterial pressure is transmitted from inside the vessel through the skin to the transducer

30
Q

What is the accuracy range for pulse ox?

A

+/- 2 from 70-100%

+/- 3 from 50-70%

31
Q

What is an element that affects static calibration and zeroing of pressure transducer systems?

A

Height

32
Q

What is the effect of a too large BP cuff?

A

Falsely low BP

and fast return to flow

33
Q

What is a potential error of the auscultatory method of BP determination?

A

Deflating the cuff too quickly

34
Q

What is the meaning of SpO2?

A

Saturation pulsatile O2

35
Q

What is the definition of systolic pressure?

A

Vascular wall tension

36
Q

What is the definition of diastolic pressure?

A

Driving pressure for blood flow to LV

37
Q

What is the effect of small amounts of dampening on arterial waveforms?

A

Decreases systolic overshoot

Makes for a better reading

38
Q

What is the effect of large amounts of dampening on arterial waveforms?

A

Only shows mean pressure

39
Q

Pulse ox is derived from which law?

A

Beer’s law

40
Q

What is the effect hydrostatic pressure on BP readings?

A

1.87 mmHg per inch

41
Q

How does tubing diameter affect reasonate frequency?

A

Smaller diameter decreases resonance which increases ringing

Larger diameter increases resonance which decreases ringing

42
Q

What is the suggested deflation rate for a manual BP cuff?

A

3 mmHg / heart beat

43
Q

Which wavelength is displayed as pulse ox waveform on the screen?

A

Infrared 940 nm

44
Q

For DINAMAP readings, adult readings are given as what pressure?

Pediatrics are given as what readings?

A

Diastolic = adults

Mean = peds

45
Q

What is the device that tracks the HR?

A

Cardiotachometer

46
Q

When using the auscultatory method, which pressures can you get?

A

Systolic

Diastolic

47
Q

In adults, how often do you change A-line catheters, transducers, and flush tubings?

A

Every 96 hours

I & M (37 decks)

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