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I & M > ECG II > Flashcards

ECG II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 things we can get from the EKG?

A

Rate
Perfusion
Rhythm

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2
Q

What is the A-H interval?

A

Time from initial rapid deflection of atrial wave to initial rapid deflection of his bundle potential

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3
Q

What does the A-H interval tell us?

A

It approximates the conduction time through the a-v node

NORMAL: 50 - 120 msec

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4
Q

What does the H-V interval?

A

Time from initial deflection of his bundle potential and the onset of ventricular activity
NORMAL : 35 - 45 msec

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5
Q

What are some variables that effect ECG?

A

Cardiac generator (site of depolarization)
Cardiac electrical fields (tissue that surrounds heart)
Body surface potentials (Leads, amplifiers, displays)
ECG recording and interpretation

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6
Q

Einthoven’s Triangle is also known as what?

A

Axis of Acquisition

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7
Q

Lead I is what?

A

RA (-) ——-> LA (+)

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8
Q

When a wave of depolarization goes from - to +, this portrays what on the ECG waveform?

A

Upward slope / positive deflection

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9
Q

RA (-) ———> LL (+)

A

Lead II

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10
Q

Lead III?

A

LA (-) ———-> LL(+)

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11
Q

Electrical impulses that travel perpendicular to the lead axis show what on the ECG waveform?

A

Equiphasic deflection (half up and half down)
or
Straight line recording

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12
Q

Electrical impulses that travel away from the positive electrode show what on the ECG waveform?

A

Negative deflection

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13
Q

Which lead is the horizontal lead of the triangle?

A

Lead I

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14
Q

According to the triaxial reference system, what degrees are associated with Lead I?

A

0 and 180

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15
Q

According to the triaxial reference system, Lead II is associated with what degrees?

A

+60 and -120

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16
Q

According to the triaxial reference system, what degrees are associated with Lead III?

A

+120 and -60

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17
Q

For ventricular activity, a downward stroke (negative deflection) could represent which waves?

A

Q or S wave

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18
Q

What would an upward stroke for ventricular activity represent?

A

R wave

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19
Q

LOOK AT the DRAWINGS from powerpoint to get better idea of pics

A

I’m doing my best trying to make questions from them but proving difficult
JUST REMEMBER I AM ASKING QUESTIONS REGARDING LEAD II

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20
Q

The start of the P-wave to p-wave peak represents what?

A

S-A node to A-V node atrial depolarization

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21
Q

The delay of the A-V node is showed by what of ECG waveform?

A

P-wave peaking to return to baseline

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22
Q

The Q waves negative deflection represents what?

A

Septal depolarization

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23
Q

Apical and L ventricular depolarization are shown as what on ECG waveform?

A

End of Q wave to peak of R wave

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24
Q

What begins the downward deflection of the R wave?

A

Late L ventricular depolarization

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25
Q

The T wave is shown because of what ?

A

Ventricular repolarization

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26
Q

T or F: The last portion of the heart to depolarize is the first to repolarize

A

TRUE

what causes positive deflection/upstroke in T wave

27
Q

T or F: Standard ECG limb lead positioning should be inside the cardiac borders?

A

FALSE

should be outside the cardiac borders

28
Q

What is Einthoven’s Law?

A

In the ECG, the potential of any wave or complex in lead II is equal to the sum of the potentials of leads I and III
II = I + III

29
Q

Augmented vector leads are unipolar or bipolar?

A

UNIPOLAR

30
Q

Limb leads are unipolar or bipolar?

A

BIPOLAR

31
Q

AVF is what?

A

Augmented vector lead of the foot

32
Q

AVR is what?

A

Augmented vector lead of right arm

33
Q

AVL is what?

A

Augmented vector lead of left arm

34
Q

Vector leads use what kind of configuration?

A

Wilson configuration

2B - A - C / 3

35
Q

Augmented vector leads use what kind of configuration?

A

Goldberger configuration

2B - A - C / 2

36
Q

In augmented vector leads, the augmented lead is always which electrode?

A

The positive electrode

37
Q

What degrees are associated with aVL?

A

-30

38
Q

What degrees are associated with aVR?

A

-150

39
Q

What degrees are associated with aVF?

A

+90

40
Q

How does Sub Q emphysema effect the vectors ?

A

SOMEONE WHO KNOWS PLEASE PLACE IN HERE

41
Q

How does thoracic pressure effect the vectors?

A

SOMEONE WHO KNOWS PLEASE PLACE IN HERE

42
Q

Know the Hexaxial reference system

A

I dont know how to put pics in here so if someone wants place it in here

43
Q

Chest (precordial) leads are unipolar or bipolar?

A

Unipolar

44
Q

Bipolar leads give projections in what planes?

A

Frontal plane
transverse plane
(even sometimes sagital plane)

45
Q

Unipolar leads give projections in what planes?

A

Transverse plane

46
Q

V1 leads goes where?

A

4th intercostal space, right margin of sternum

47
Q

V2 leads goes where?

A

4th intercostal space, left margin of sternum

48
Q

V3 leads goes where?

A

Midway between V2 and V4

49
Q

V4 leads goes where?

A

5th intercostal space, midclavicular line

50
Q

V5 leads goes where?

A

5th intercostal space, anterior axillary line

51
Q

V6 leads goes where?

A

5th intercostal space, midaxillary line

52
Q

Blood is only perfused in the ventricles during what?

A

Diastole

53
Q

Which is best lead to determine LV ischemia and/or dysfunction

A

V5

though according to BIggs today new information says V4 so look for both on test

54
Q

What are other options are determining LV ischemia other than V5?

A

V4 and V6

55
Q

What is the maximum pressure in the aorta during systole?

A

Always less that pressure inside left ventricle

56
Q

When using the EASI electrode configuration, what are the location of each?

A

E - end of sternum
A - L Axilla
S - Sternal notch
I - R Axilla

57
Q

If you are using EASI electrode configuration, what EKG waveform are you mimicking?

A

Pre-cordial leads

58
Q

The Cardiac vector (mean QRS axis) is associated with what degrees?

A

-45

59
Q

If the cardiac vector closely parallels the axis, amplitude will be large or small?

A

VERY LARGE

60
Q

Which compartment of the heart is under the greatest stress?
Why is this?

A

Left ventricle

b/c it contains greatest contractility strength

61
Q

Which ventricle is at most risk for ischemia?

A

LV b/c it is the hardest to get blood flow to and it requires the most 02 because its the largest

62
Q

What is perfusion pressure?

A

Perfusion pressure = pressure going in - pressure going out

63
Q

T OR F: LV perfusion has nothing to do with valves?

A

TRUE

I & M (37 decks)

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