Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CRSP Examination > OHS introduction > Flashcards

OHS introduction Flashcards

A basic level of all aspects of OHS.

1
Q

How can senior management demonstrate commitment to the Health and Safety Program?

A

Providing resources such as time/budget/personnel
Ensure workers are trained
Make health and safety info available within the organization
Having a visible presence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How do you get worker involvement?

A

Set realistic goals and monitor progress.

  • Distribute them information
  • Give positive reinforcement
  • Well structured communication methods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

As far as incident control, what is:
Pre-contact Control
Contact Control
Post Contact Control

A
  • Pre - Actions taken prior to incident event to prevent effects and losses, IE Training and Hazard Assessment
  • Contact - Actions taken to limit energy exchange applied to worker, IE Substitution, seatbelts
  • Post - Actions taken post incident to minimize loss potential, IE ERP, Sprinkler Systems, Medical supplies, Spill clean up Plans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 9 common elements of a health and safety program?

A

1) Management Commitment
2) Hazard Recognition and Evaluation
3) Hazard Control
4) Incident Reporting and Investigation
5) Formal Inspections
6) Training and Communication
7) Emergency Preparedness
8) Auditing
9) Occupational Health

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

According to Frank Bird’s Domino theory, what are accidents caused by?

What is an example of an immediate cause?
What is an example of a basic cause?

What is Bird’s theory also known as?

A

1) Job/System Factors (immediate cause)
2) Personal Factors (basic causes)
3) Management Control
- Immediate - using a defective tool
- Basic - Poor inspection program

The accident causation model.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What about 1960’s William Haddon’s list was the beginning of modern health and safety?

What were some of the 10 strategies in Haddon’s list?

A

It shifted focus from behavioral to engineering incident prevention.

  • 1) Prevent creation of hazard. 2) Reduce amount of hazard. 3) Prevent release of existing hazard. 4) Modifiy release of hazard. 5) Separate hazard from protected worker. 6) Separate hazard with barriers. 7) Modify characteristics of hazard. 8) Make workers more resistant to damage. 9) Counter the damage done. 10) stabilize or repair damaged object.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where did Meredith base the Ontario’s Workers Compensation after?

A

The German Workers Compensation System.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the “Historical Trade-Off”

A

Workers receive compensation for work injuries but lose the ability to sue for their injury.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was stated in the 1930’s Accident Proneness Theory?

What was Heinrich’s domino theory?

A

They some people are more prone to accidents than others.

Accidents are caused by: Unsafe Acts and Conditions, Personal Fault, and Ancestry and Upbringing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What was the Pittsburgh Survey?

What arose as a result?

A
  • Examination of the steel and mining industry in the late 1800’s early 1900s lead by Russel Sage, to examine working conditions.
  • Drove modern OH&S Management in US. Sparked creation of ASSE, USWC , National Safety Council, US bureau of Mines.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the four Elements of the Meredith Principle

A

1) Workers recieve compensation at no cost for work injury.
2) Employers bear cost of compensation and in return receive protection from lawsuits.
3) Negligence and fault are not considered.
4) System is administered by a neutral agency having full jurisdiction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the issue with relying on common sense?

With respect to group norm relations, explain the three stages:
Compliance
Identification
Internalization

A

Common sense is subjective.

Compliance: people comply to group norms to fit in
Identification: People identify with the group and do similar things as the group, common sense becomes easy and everyday.
Internalization: internalize the group norms, consider them to be the best way to do things.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What were the 3 General societal rules of the 1760 code of Hammurabi?

A

1) If you accuse but can’t prove, you’re put to death
2) If you accuse and they are found innocent, you are put to death
3) If you accuse a capital offense but cannot prove, you are put to death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Why was it difficult to take legal action against employers in the 1700-1800’s?

What was the first piece of PPE?

A

It stopped the worker from being paid, took long time, regularly blamed workers, and cases were often thrown out entirely.

Hard hat (Boiled linseed hats).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

According to Bird’s domino theory, what is a basic cause?

Do most incidents have a singular or multiple causes?

What are the two types of contributing factors related to management control?

A

The reason immediate causes are allowed to exist, more related to management systems.

Multiple. Basic and immediate.

1) Inadequate systems/standards
2) Inadequate compliance to the standards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the two categories of loss following an incident with an example of each?

A
  • Direct Loss - injury compensation, building/equipment damage.
  • Indirect Loss - investigation time, fines, retraining, overtime, loss of production efficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the difference between an incident and an accident?

What are the two-types of incidents and which must be reported?

A

Accidents are unexpected and unpreventable.

Loss and no-loss, and both must be reported.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Bird’s Ratio Study?

What is a Root Cause?

A

It defined the relationship between incident types.
1 Serious, 10 Minor, 30 Property Damage, 600 Near miss.

The fundamental management weakness which allowed the incident to occur.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 4 main elements to consider in an investigation?

A
  • People, Equipment, Materials, Environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the internal Responsibility System?

A
  • Executives develop and define directives/policies/set objectives
  • Managers provide leadership and monitor production
  • Supervisors provide coaching for workers and monitor the day to day
  • Workers are involved in the hands on
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is an immediate cause?

What does the equipment element refer to?

A

Job and System factors, substandard acts or conditions.

All equipment in an organization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Continuous inspections do not generally involve paperwork. When may paperwork be required?

When planning an inspection consider what 3 things?

A

When a hazard is identified.

Determine what to inspect, Look for conditions, Decide frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Interval inspections are broken down into the following, explain each:
Periodic
Intermittent
General

A
  • Periodic: Scheduled regular inspections
  • Intermittent: Irregular based on incidents etc.
  • General: Broader encompassing across areas not usually inspected such as sidewalks etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Should inspection items be classified with risk ratings?

After rating, what should be done with identified hazards?

A

Yes

  • Hazards should be corrected, correct the cause, address the symptoms, report to supervisor.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are some ways to communicate inspection results?

What is the most important part of an audit?

A
  • Posting in high traffic areas, safety meetings, one-on-one conversation, emails
  • Using the audit results to improve the health and safety system - Continuous improvement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are 3 Lagging Indicators?

What are 3 Leading indicators?

A
  • Statistics, WCB rates, property damage costs

- Inspections, audits, hazard analyses, worker training programs

27
Q

What are benefits of using leading indicators?

What are negatives of using leading indicators?

A
  • Points towards risk reduction, focus is proactive and system orientate.
  • Information may be opinion based, several types of measurements are required to get a full measure of a system.
28
Q

What are benefits of looking at lagging indicators?

What are negatives of looking at lagging indicators?

A
  • Data is absolute and objective, based on quantitative.

- Data is available only post incident so prevention is not key, data is distorted if incidents are under/not reported.

29
Q

While Audits examine entire management systems, inspections focus on what?

A(n) ______ is carried out by experts, require much preparation, examines documents/competency/system implementation and identifies and addresses complex issues.

A

Equipment, Procedures, Processes

Audit

30
Q

What is a Baseline Audit?

What is a Benchmark Audit?

What is a Financial Incentive Audit? Example

A
  • Gives current information to be used to improve or develop the OHSMS.
  • Comparison to another (internal or external) system.
  • Audit that provides company with financial reward on successful completion, IE COR audit.
31
Q

What are advantages of internal auditors?

What are advantages of external auditors?

A
  • Internal - Company Knowledge, relationships with employees, cheaper
  • External - More experienced with auditing, no vested interest in results, gives a “fresh eyes” view of company
32
Q

What difference exists in the Pre-Audit activities between Internal and External auditors?

A

Internal Auditors do not complete a proposal or sign a contract.

33
Q

The audit plan is the last pre-audit activity, what topics are included?

What is the first step of on-site audit activity?

What is discussed at the first step of on-site activity?

A

Scope, employer contact, audit team members, audit instrument to be used, documentation to be reviewed, dates, sites to visit, code of ethics, report details.

  • Pre-Audit meeting
  • The audit plan contents, any questions, introductions.
34
Q

What are the three on-site validation tools?

A

1) Documentation Review, 2) Worker interviews, 3) Observational Tours

35
Q

What is a Directive Document? Example.

What are Operational Records? Example?

A
  • High level document stating what is to be done - Policy, Procedure, Codes of Practice.
  • Tells auditor if directives are being used and followed- Safety meeting minutes, inspections, training records
36
Q

What does an interview give an auditor?

What does the observational tour give an auditor?

A
  • Validation to what was found in documentation.

- Validates documentation and verifies interviews.

37
Q

What is the final step of on-site activity?

What are the two general types of inspections?

A

Post-Audit meeting.

  • Continuous and Interval
38
Q

Why is Qualitative scoring often preferred for external auditors?

Why is Quantitative scoring often preferred for internal auditors?

A
  • Allows more freedom in report writing and focuses on corrective actions.
  • Simpler format and streamlines the reporting process.
39
Q

What is the difference between training and coaching?

What are some of the top 5 critical leadership competencies?

What is Pedagogy and Andragogy?

A
  • Training - to teach to make fit/qualified/proficient,
    Coaching - to instruct, direct, prompt
  • Listen, give clear effective instruction, accept responsibility, ID problems, set priorities, manage time
  • Pedagogy is how to teach children, Andragogy is how to teach adults.
40
Q

List 2 of Malcolm Knowles techniques for teaching Andragogy.

A

Adults need to be involved in the planning and evaluation of their instruction.

  • Experience provides basis for learning activities
  • Adults are most interested in learning subjects that have immediate relevance to their job or personal life.
  • Adult learning is problem-centered rather than content oriented.
41
Q

Is group or one-to-one training considered more effective?

What are some items that must be reviewed during an orientation.

When should an orientation be completed?

A
  • One-to-one training
  • Policy statements, rules, hazards, safety precautions, rights, incident reporting/investigation, manager introduction, JSA review, organizational structure, WHMIS and other training, emergency procedures
  • First day of work.
42
Q

What are the 4 steps of the individual job orientation process?

A
  • Prepare - alert other workers/get paperwork/get PPE
  • Putting at ease
  • Conduct the orientation
  • Follow up - ensures retention of information
43
Q

Order from LEAST to MOST effective for memorization:

Reading, Hearing, Seeing, See and Hear, Say as they talk about, say as they do task.

A
  • It is the correct order
44
Q

What are the 4 steps taken to effectively train workers?

A
  • Motivate - show task and take questions
  • Tell and Show - demonstrate and speak through task
  • Test - worker does task and explains
  • Check - show them how to request help
45
Q

What are some benefits of conducting group training?

What are the three common types of training for groups?

What is a benefit of classroom training?

A
  • Cheaper and more efficient, improves team building, time constraints and down-time reduction.
  • Classroom, on-the-job, technology training
  • Once training materials are developed it is very efficient and effective, trainers are highly familiar with material.
46
Q

What are the 5 steps of a planned personal dialogue?

A

1) Pick a topic
2) Prepare the dialogue
3) Conduct dialogue - actively listen
4) Document the dialogue
5) Follow-up

47
Q

What are the seven steps for training development?

A

1) Determine training needs
2) Set training priorities
3) Set training objectives
4) Select course content
5) Select instructional methods
6) Develop or secure training program
7) Prepare training aides.

48
Q

What is training primarily evaluated?

Training is evaluated at:
- Input - effort put in vs cost/time/budget
- Throughput - number trained per time unit
- Output
Which gives the most useful results?

A

To determine if training objectives were met, and to determine how training can be improved.

  • Output gives the most useful results
49
Q

What are the 4 criteria of output evaluation of training?

A
  • Reaction - how they liked it
  • Knowledge - evaluated by grades
  • Behaviour - Skill assessment done
  • Results - Look for a change in stats
50
Q

What is a soft skill? Example.

What is a hard skill? Example.

A

Soft Skill - EQ, personality traits. Friendly

Hard skill - IQ, Technical skill. Lockout Procedure

51
Q

While most OHS law falls under regulatory law, what Bill now allows corporations to be charged criminally?

What workplace disaster inquiry led to the recommendations that led to bill C-45?

A

Bill C-45

The Westray mine disaster.

52
Q

What did the changes to 217.1 of the Canadian criminal code mean?

A

1) Policy made executives and other employees directing work of others able to be subject to charges.
2) Guilty act and guilty mind do not have to take place by the same person.

53
Q

What are three main factors to attempt to prove due diligence defense?

What program elements may be required to prove due diligence?

A

1) Foreseeable, Preventable, Controllable
2) Policies and objectives, training and education, workplace monitoring, incident reporting and investigation, documentation

54
Q

What is Mens Rea?
What is Actus Rea?
What is criminal negligence?
What is a regulatory offense?

What is a strict liability offense?

A

1) Guilty mind, almost never used in regulatory law
2) Guilty act, used in criminal and regulatory law
3) Accused must possess both mens rea and actus rea
4) Quasi-criminal, most common OHS offense, only actus rea is required
5) Regulatory offense, defendant is given opportunity to show due diligence

55
Q

What is due diligence?

What is negligence?

How do you define a “reasonable person”?

A

1) Level of judgement, care, prudence, determination and activity a person would reasonably be expected to do under particular circumstances.
2) Failure to exercise due diligence
3) A competent persons reaction in a similar situation.

56
Q

Define:
Act
Bill
Regulation

Guideline
By-law

A

Act - law made by legislature, authorize regulations
Bill - A draft act
Regulation - A law that must be authorized by an act, most often passed by the cabinet.
Guideline - Not law, created by Gov’t or private
By-law - Subordinate law, must be authorized under an Act. Most common in municipal jurisdictions.

57
Q

How many legislative authorities are there in Canada?

How many and WHO is the OHS legislative authority in the states?

Where are Federal statutes passed?

What is common law?

A

1) 14, 1 Federal, 10 provincial, and 3 territorial.
2) OSHA
3) House of commons in Ottawa
4) Based solely on passed and current judicial decisions rather than legislative action.

58
Q

What is a General Duty Clause?

What is the duty of care obligation?

A

1) Clause that defines the high level and general responsibility of the employer to provide a safe place of work for all employees.
2) Obligation that any individual owes to all others to ensure no harm or damage happens to them as a result of action or inaction of that individual.

59
Q

What type of law is WCB?

What types of industries are covered, Federally, under the Canada Labour Code Part II?

Unless the worker is a Federal government employee, where are their WCB issues addressed?

A

1) Administrative Law
2) Railroads, Airlines, Shipping, Banking, radio stations.
3) The province in which the work was conducted.

60
Q

Does common law or statute law override the other?

What is specification based legislation?

What is performance based legislation?

A

1) Statute law wins out over common law.
2) Specification based legislation are quantitatively specific with results of a focus on the process to reach desired outcome. ie Shoring on trenches deeper than 1.5 meters.
3) Performance based legislation is focused on outcome. Ie, must test for airborne substances if a worker may be exposed.

61
Q

What two aspects of legislation are included identically in Federal and Provincial legislation?

What must happen for a standard or guideline to be enforceable as law?

What is the purpose of OSH law in Canada (2)?

Proactive law is where prevention law fits into place. What is Federal prevention legislation?

A

1) TDG and WHMIS
2) They must first be called up in legislation.
3) Provide compensation and prevention.
4) Canada Labour Code Part II

62
Q

What is the third type of pressure after legal and economical?

What does the Internal Responsibility system do?

What is the External Responsibility system?

A

1) Moral

2) A worker-employer contribution ensuring a healthy and safe workplace within the company. Dictates everyone is responsible for health and safety.
3) All outside influences, government, workers comp, safety associations. Monitors and corrects IRL, promotes and provide education to IRS, setting communicating and enforcing OHS practices.

63
Q

Where is WHMIS legislation found in:

  • AB
  • BC
  • Federal

What is the most common type of pressure in industry?

What are the two factors that make up Economic pressure?

A

AB - OHS Code: Part 29 WHMIS Sections 395-414
BC - Workers Compensation Act. OHS Regulation part 5
Federal - Canadian OHS Regs part X

2) Legal Pressure

3) Compensation costs - related to number of claims
Job Tendering Requirements - potential denied contracts

64
Q

What are the regulating orgs of Workers Comp and Health and safety in:
AB
BC
Federal

A

AB WCB - Workers comp board of AB
AB OHS - Alberta job skills training and labour
BC WCB - Workers compensation board of BC
BC OHS - Workers compensation board of BC
FEDERAL WCB - Federal workers comp service, labour program, HRDC
FEDERAL OHS - OHS Labour program, Human Resources Developement Canada

CRSP Examination (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions