Hazard Control

Question 1

What is the difference between a hazard and a risk?

What three factors are used to calculate risk?

What are the 6 Hazard categories?

Answer 1

• Hazard is the source of energy that can cause harm and risk is the likelihood of it causing harm.
• Risk is calculated using impact (severity), probability, and frequency.
• Biological, Chemical, Ergonomic, Physical, Psycho-social, Safety

Question 2

What is a Chemical hazard, with an example.

What is an Ergonomic hazard with an example?

What is a Physical Health hazard with an example?

Answer 2

• Hazard caused by physical/chemical/toxic properties of chemicals. Ie - Lead, formaldehyde, benzene, H2S
• Hazard caused by equipment or conditions that do not meet human capabilities with the task. Ie - improper lifting, improper workstation, long computer monitor hours, frequent keyboard use.
• Sources of energy in the environment strong enough to cause harm. Ie - Noise, temperature, pressure, radiation.

Question 3

What is a Psychosocial hazard with an example?

What is a Biological Hazard with an example?

What is a Safety Hazard with an example?

Answer 3

• Affect psychosocial well being. Ie - Negative culture, excessive workload, lack of civility, unfair treatment, fear of violence.
• A living hazard that can cause adverse health effects Ie. Bacteria, Blood, Viruses, Bites, Mould.
• Most common hazard found. Ie - sharp edges, pinch & nip points, improper guarding, roughhousing.

Question 4

What is the difference between acute and chronic hazard effects?

In relation to risk define:
Probability
Frequency
Severity

Answer 4

Acute effects are seen immediately while chronic effects progress over time and may take years to surface. Ie hearing loss, cancer, repetitive strain.

• Probability - Likelihood of incident happening based on conditions/job etc.
• Frequency - How often the task is done.
• Severity - Amount of injury damage done if incident happens.

Question 5

What is James Reasons Loss trajectory model and how does it work? How do we reduce our faults?

Answer 5

James Reasons Swiss Cheese model. Each defence (control) is not perfect and has holes. The bigger the hole the more likely the hazard gets through. Reduce holes through consistent enhancement of safety management systems.

Question 6

How do you maintain effective hazard controls?

What are the 5 levels of control for hazards?

Answer 6

• Monitor and ensure continuous feedback and improvement.

- Elimination, Substitution, Engineering, Administration, PPE

Question 7

Give an example of an elimination control.

Give an example of a substitution control.

What is an engineered control?

Answer 7

Hire someone else to complete a task.

Replace a chemical in a process with a less hazardous one.
Engineered controls reduce or eliminate worker exposure w/ engineered machinery or equipment separating the worker from the hazard. Ie - Machine guards, lift assist.

Question 8

What are administrative controls?

What is PPE? Why is it the least preferred control?

Answer 8

Controls that allow the worker to manage and work with the hazard. Ie - Training, procedures, proper schedules.

Personal Protective Equipment, worn by the worker to mitigate hazardous energy. Least preferred as it is not effective unless the hazardous energy contacts the worker.

Question 9

Using the Source - Path - Reciever model, where is the hazardous energy controlled with:
Elimination
Substitution
Engineered
Administrative
PPE

Answer 9

Source - Elimination, Substitution, Engineered
Path - Administrative
Receiver - PPE

Question 10

What are the 8 types of PPE?

Answer 10

Head protection, eye and face, hearing, fall arrest, respiratory protection, hand and arm, foot, work clothing.

Question 11

Who has the ABC model?

Who developed the domino models (Old and racist, and Current)

Answer 11

Geller’s Activator - Behavior - Consequence

Old and Racist - Heinrich
Current - Bird

Question 12

What type of hazard is:

1) Noise
2) Bullying
3) Falls
4) Lead
5) Improper Lifting
6) Blood

Answer 12

1) Physical
2) Psycho-social
3) Safety
4) Chemical
5) Ergonomic
6) Biological.

Question 13

What 4 components are needed for an effective PPE program?

Give 2 examples of head protection.

Give 2 examples of hand protection.

Answer 13

• Policy, Process to select correct PPE, Training, Enforcement.
• Bump hats, Hard Hats
• Chemical resistant gloves, impact resistant gloves.

Question 14

Give 2 examples of eye and Face protection.

Give 2 examples of hearing protection.
What is the difference between passive and active fall arrest?

What are the 2 categories of respiratory protection?

Answer 14

• Safety Glasses, Face Shield, Welding Helmet, Chemical Hoods.
• Ear Plugs, earmuffs, canal caps.
• Passive does not require worker action (safety nets), while active requires action on workers part (Harnesses & Lanyard)
• Air purifying & Air supplying

Question 15

Explain what happens at the 6 steps of implementing a hazard control program:

1) Hazard ID and Evaluation
2) Risk Assessment
3) Management Decision Making
4) Establish Control Measures
5) Monitor
6) Program evaluation

Answer 15

1) Identify and evaluate all hazards
2) Determine which are the critical hazards.
3) Make a plan of action and priority to decision makers. - Can take no action, modify workplace, redesign workplace, discuss controls with workers etc.
4) Eliminate/Substitute/Engineer/Administrative/PPE
5) Monitor control measures to ensure they are working effectively.
6) Close loop, feedback look ensuring continuous improvement.

Question 16

When are Automatic Safeguards used?

What is an employee controlling device w/example?

Answer 16

When no other applications such as barriers or interlocks can be used.
- A device that controls movement of an employee w/ restraints or pullback.

Question 17

What is a machine controlling device and how does it work?

What is an employee and Machine controlling device?

Answer 17

Device that when triggered shuts down the machine. Includes pressure sensing and light curtains.

Machine can only be activated if employee pushes sensors into the safe location (normal on presses).

Question 18

What are the most effective safeguards? Example.

What is the most common guard and what is a nuisance about them?

Answer 18

Built in safeguards. IE Circular Saw.

• Barrier Guards, fixed directly to equipment to prevent workers from contact. Problem is they can be annoying to move when needing to do maintenance.

Question 19

What is a benefit, and an example of, interlocking safeguards?

Answer 19

These can be moved, when they are lifted the equipment stops and when replaced they can start. An example is a washing machine lid.

Question 20

What is the difference between a Guard and a Device?

Answer 20

Guard is a barrier over either point of operation or power transmission apparatus meant to protect worker.
Device is a mechanism to prevent access to point of operation, denying access or close contact.

Question 21

Where do point of operation guards work? Give example.

Give characteristics of safeguards.

Answer 21

At energy source. Built in safeguards, barrier guards, interlocking barrier guards, automatic safeguards.

Integrated into equipment, well designed and can withstand force of operation, allow simple feeding and ejection, easy to inspect and maintain, tamper proof.

Question 22

_________ is a control strategy to keep the worker out of the energy zone.

Answer 22

Safeguarding.

Question 23

In the Source/Path/Receiver model, where is safeguarding?

Answer 23

Safeguarding can be at source, as removes path for energy to reach worker.

Question 24

Define:
Safeguarding
Point-of-Operation
Power-of-Transmission
Device
Nip-Point
Pinch Point

Answer 24

Safeguard - any means of preventing workers from coming into contact of moving parts.
Point of Op - Point at which material is placed for process.
Power of trans - Moving mechanical parts on piece of equipment.
Device - mechanism designed for safeguarding at point of operation.
Nip - Hazardous area w/mechanical parts moving in opposite direction.
Pinch - Hazard area where body part can contact 2+ moving mechanical parts.

Question 25

What are hazard areas with rotatiting/reciprocating/transverse motions?

Where is the hazard w/ in-running nip points?

Answer 25

• Point of operation + further down line

- Hazard for people working in or near equipment IE belt contact point on roller can draw into machine.

Question 26

What hazards are created with cutting actions? Example.

What is Punching/Sheering/Bending hazards?

Answer 26

• Sharp surfaces are included in the rotating/reciprocating/or transverse motions. IE Table saw’s rotating blade.
• Completed through extreme mechanical pressures and forces.

Question 27

What is Energy Isolation?

What are the 3 components of an energy isolation program?

Answer 27

Process followed prior to maintenance or work or a piece of equipment which isolates work area from harmful energy.

1) written program (policy & procedure)
2) Training
3) Equipment

Question 28

What are the 8 steps of achieving a zero-energy state?

Answer 28

1) Notify all personnel in area of equipment.
2) ID all isolation points
3) Shut down equipment
4) Deactivate energy at valve or breaker
5) Lock isolation points
6) Bleed off all energy
7) Bump test (attempt to turn on)
8) Do work

Question 29

What additional steps to achieving zero-energy state must be done in a Group Isolation situation?

Answer 29

• Key to group lockout is locked in a box which is locked by all employee keys. Any additional workers as job progresses must put their locks on the box.

Question 30

What is the 5-step process for returning equipment to service?

Answer 30

1) Clear non-essential items from equipment.
2) verify workers are away from equipment.
3) Verify all controls are in the neutral position.
4) Remove all energy isolation devices from energy sources.
5) Notify all nearby workers equipment is about to be returned to service.