Accident Causation and Investigation Flashcards
What is the General Duty Clause?
Defines high level and responsibility for employer to provide a safe place of work for all employees.
What do health and safety policies describe?
Commitment, intent, and philosophy of the organization’s approach to health and safety.
In Roles and Responsibilities in a company, who establishes:
- Guiding Principles?
- Policies and Systems?
- Programs?
- Implementing Programs?
- Guiding Principles - Ownership
- Policies and Systems - President
- Programs - Senior Management
- Implementing Programs - Supervisors/Workers
What is the ISMEC system?
What does PDCA stand for?
Identify Work, Standards of work, Measuring Performance, Evaluation, Correcting Issues w/Feedback loop.
- Plan, Do, Check, Act
What is OSHAS 18000 based on and what is it?
Based on BS8800.
OHSMS spec for continual improvement. Policy, Organize, Plan and implement, Evaluate, Action for improvement.
What are some common feedback loop tools?
Workplace inspections, OHSMS audits, Incident and Accident investigations.
What is the cost ratio (Direct vs Incidental) for an average accident? Give examples of indirect costs.
How much would a $10,000 incident require a 10% margin company to have to work to pay it off?
1 : 6-53.
Time loss by other workers helping. Lower productivity of replacement worker.
10,000 / 0.1 = $100,000
What are the 4 basics of a loss management and control system?
What are the 4 basic elements of an OHS program?
Recognize potential loss, Evaluate risk and potential, Review options for eliminating, select best controls.
Work-site analysis, Hazard Prevention/Control, Employee training, management leadership and employee participation.
What are the 3 steps of the loss control process?
Locate potential losses.
Assess potential losses.
Develop preventative program with corrective measures.
How does a company prove due diligence?
A company has a proper system in place to prevent an offence from happening & that reasonable steps were taken to ensure the effective operation of the system.
Who should be conducting an accident/incident investigation?
Why is management involvement important?
Why is Causal analysis important and Fault finding is not?
1) Workers involved and direct supervisor as they have most knowledge of task/conditions. Also in house investigation specialist. Supervisor can take immediate action.
- Management will find a root cause and have the power to correct it.
- Causal analysis will provide feedback on the management systems which allowed the incident, allowing for corrective action, while fault finding tends to ignore the root cause.
Define an Incident?
What are you looking at in the pre-contact stage?
What is the contact?
What is the post-contact stage?
- Undesired event that may cause harm/damage or had potential to cause harm/damage.
- Weakness in OHSMS that lead to the sequence of events leading to the incident. Includes a root cause.
- The event of hazardous energy is exposed to the system/worker
- Emergency response or other actions to mitigate damage or injury
What is the purpose of incident investigation?
What happens in the three stages of incident investigation - Data collection, Data analysis, ID Causal factors
What are - Immediate/Direct causes, Basic Indirect Causes, Root Causes?
- To find OHSMS failure that led the incident to occur. To correct this failure to prevent similar incidents.
- Who/what/where/when/how , ID causes and corrective actions or ID trends
- Immediate - Circumstances immediately before the event
- Basic - Conditions or acts leading to event
- Root - OHSMS Failures
What is the Ishikawa design/Fishbone design?
- What is the 5 why’s?
- What is the FMEA (Failure mode and effect Analysis)?
- Cause and effect diagram that is used to ID potential factors causing a workplace incident or accident.
- A method of asking questions about getting from causes to root causes.
- Errors and failures prioritized according to seriousness of consequence, how frequent, how easily detached. Eliminate or reduce errors from highest priorities.
What is a Near Miss?
According to Heinrich’s pyramid, why should we investigate near misses?
- An incident with no loss with potential for loss or harm.
- There is a relationship between no-injury, minor, and major injury. You may correct the root cause prior to a loss incident occurring.
