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CRSP Examination > Fire Prevention and Protection > Flashcards

Fire Prevention and Protection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 general classes of ignition source?

What are the MOST common, and several common sources of ignition in the workplace?

A

Electrical, Chemical, Mechanical, Nuclear

Most Common - Smoking & Welding.
Common - Sparks, open flames, smoking, static electricity, hot surfaces.

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2
Q

What are the 2 stages of the ignition process?

A

Stage 1 = Incipient flame produces energy which may be lost.
Stage 2 = If enough energy it will preheat the next group of molecules of fuel & oxygen, get hotter, and eventually run away.

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3
Q

What are the 5 classes of fire?

A, B , C, D, K

A

A - Ordinary combustibles such as paper or wood
B - Flammable liquids or gas - gasoline
C - Electrical Equipment
D - Flammable metals such as Na, Mg, Li, Ca
K - Cooking Oils or Fats

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4
Q

What is the basic Fire Chemical Reaction?

What are the 3 sides of the fire Triangle?

What is added in the Fire Tetrahedron?

What is the most basic goal of fire safety?

A

Fuel + O2 -> CO2 + H2O + Heat

Oxidizer (air), Heat, Fuel

Combustion, the self sustaining chain reaction.

No Fire! Keepingn Fuel, Oxygen, and Ignition Sources separated.

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5
Q

How are fires stopped?

What are the 5 stages of a fire?

A

Restrict fuel, displace the oxidizer, dissipate the heat, free radicals are eradicated.

Incipient stage, Free burning, Flash-over (fully developed), Smoldering, Backdraft

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6
Q

What is the incipient stage and how is it generally controlled?

A

The initial stage of a fire.
There is still ample fuel and oxygen in an incipient fire, heat and smoke is light, the fire is generally contained.

  • This is dealt with using a fire extinguisher.
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7
Q

What is the free burning stage?

A
  • The fire increases in temp (700) and intensity. It rapidly consumes fuel and oxygen. Professional fire fighters are required to control a fire at this stage.
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8
Q

What is the Flash-Over stage?

A

Flash-over is the point where the contents of the room reach auto-ignition temperature and the fire burns up to 2000. Most dangerous time of a fire. This is where a fire goes from 1 room to a full structure fire.

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9
Q

What is the smoldering stage?

A

Smoldering fires are starved of oxygen, the CO and CO2 produced smother the fire when O2 <15%. Temp is generally down to about 500. The room/building contains a mixture of very hot gases containing fuel and free radicals.

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10
Q

What is backdraft?

A

When a smoldering fire is introduced to a fresh oxidizer source.

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11
Q

What is conductive heat transfer?

What is Convection heat transfer?

What is Radiation heat transfer?

A
  • Heat transfer from high to low through physical contact.
  • Heat transfer through particles in moving fluids/gas such as air or water.
  • Heat transfer by electromagnetic radiation or infrared energy.
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12
Q

What is fire protection engineering?

What is the purpose of a fire prevention plan?

A

The application of science and engineering principles to protect people and their environment from fires.

To eliminate causes of fire, prevent loss of life and property by fire, and to comply with legislative requirements. Provides employees with information and guidelines that will assist them in recognizing, reporting, and controlling fire hazards.

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13
Q

What is fire protection planning?

What is the Federal Legislation related to fire protection? How do provinces regulate it?

A

The study and practice of mitigating the unwanted effects of fire.

Fire safety regulations under section 51 of the Fire Safety Act. Each province has its own code.

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14
Q

What does NFC (National Fire Code) set out technical provisions regulating?

A

Activities related to construction/demolition and use.
Condition of elements of buildings/facilities.
Design/Construction of specific elements of facilities.
Protection measures for current or intended building use.

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15
Q

What do the 3 (A, B, C) divisions of the NFC do? (National building code (NBC) is about the same).

A

A - Compliance options, objectives, and functional statements.
B - Provisions (acceptable solutions) relating to - building and occupant fire safety, indoor and outdoor storage, flammable liquids, hazardous processes, fire protection equipment, emergency systems in hi-rises.
C - Administrative Provisions.

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16
Q

What is FM?

What are some protection systems that FM would have in place?

What was FIA?

What is IRI?

A
  • Factory Mutual, an insurance conglomerate specializing in loss protection.
  • Automatic sprinklers, above-standard construction methods, occupancy requirements.
  • Factory Insurance Association, a group of insurance companies who competed with Factory Mutual
  • Industrial Risk Insurers - FIA merged with Oil Insurance Association and became Industrial Risk Insurers, now part of XL insurance.
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17
Q

What is the major activity of the NFPA?

What does NFPA 704 standard address?

A
  • Developing, publishing, and distributing consensus standards related to fire prevention and protection.
  • Health, Flammability, instability and related hazards that are presented by short term exposure to a material under conditions of fire, spill, or similar emergencies.
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18
Q

What do the four sections of the fire diamond stand for?

Yellow, Red, Blue White?

A

Yellow - Reactivity
Red - Fire Hazard
Blue - Health Hazard
White - Specific Hazard

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19
Q

What does the ULC/UL do?

A

Underwriters test and certify products for safety and public use.

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20
Q

What is the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL)?

What is the Upper Explosive Limit (UEL)?

A
  • The lowest concentration of fuel in air that will sustain a flame and burn the mixture.
  • The highest concentration of fuel in the air that will sustain a flame and burn the mixture.
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21
Q

What are the six stages of the fire hazard assessment process?

A

1) Assess need for a fire management program
2) Assess the capabilities to deal with a fire
3) Look at the facilities/processes, people
4) Analyze the fire hazards
5) Consider the controls needed
6) Evaluate the program

22
Q

In the fire hazard assessment process, what should the survey evaluate?

How do you determine the fire hazard present due to the flammable chemicals in the workplace?

A

How many and how large facilities are, the number of people, presence and concentration of flammables.

  • Knowledge of their physical and chemical properties through WHMIS
23
Q

What are some factors an SDS may tell you about flammable liquids?

What does the NFPA diamond tell you about the hazards of a chemical?

A
  • Dangers of vapors/mists if burning, reactivity issues, storage issues, compatibility issues, proper PPE, Fire fighting methods, spill cleanup.
  • Red - Fire hazards, Blue - Health hazards, Yellow - Reactivity, White - Specific Hazards
24
Q

In the NFPA Diamond, what does 1-4 mean in the blue, health hazard section?

A

1) Minor hazard, controlled using very minimal control or PPE
2) Moderate (toxic) requiring additional PPE or control than 1
3 and 4) Extremely hazardous, a carcinogen, mutagen etc. A well established control program is needed.

25
Q

In the NFPA diamond, what is the Red, fire hazard, rating based off of?

A 
It is based off of flashpoint where:
0 is not flammable
1 is flammable above 200 degrees F
2 is flammable below 200 degrees F
3 is flammable below 100 degrees F
4 is flammable below 73 degrees F
26
Q

What are the 4 hazard ragings in the NFPA Diamonds Yellow, reactivity, section?

A

1) Reactive if heated or reacts with water
2) Reacts violently without detonation
3) Mat detonate or explode if subject to strong force or heating
4) Readily detonates or explodes

27
Q

What is the most common form of accidental ignition resulting in fire or explosion?

What, according to the NFPA, is the most common source of uncontrolled ignition?

What is the definition of hot work?

A
  • Uncontrolled ignition sources
  • Welding or smoking
  • Any operation that can produce enough heat from flame, spark, or any source of ignition with sufficient energy to ignite flammable vapors, gases, or dust
28
Q

What is the auto-ignition temperature?

What is the difference between a flammable, combustible, and ignitable liquid?

A
  • The lowest temperature at which a substance will spontaneously ignite in a normal atmosphere without an external source of ignition.
  • Flammable - Liquids which give enough vapor below 100F to create a fire hazard
  • Combustible - Liquids which give enough vapor between 100-200 F to create a fire hazard
  • Ignitable - Liquids which give enough vapor above 200 F to create a fire hazard
29
Q

At what relative humidity is static unlikely to cause ignition?

At what relative humidity does static discharge become a dangerous fire hazard?

A
  • 65% or above

- 20% or below

30
Q

What is the difference between bonding and grounding?

What is flashpoint of flammable liquids?

A
  • Bonding maintains charge neutrality between bonded items, grounding dissipates charge to the ground preventing any build up of charge.
  • Flashpoint is the lowest temp at which liquid gives off enough vapor to form an ignitable mixture at the surface of the liquid.
31
Q

What is an electric arc?

What are the dangers of Iron Sulphides?

What is an example of Adiabatic compression?

A
  • Discharge of electrons in a continuous stream with sufficient energy to act as an ignition source.
  • When they react with air they can spontaneously combust
  • Diesel engine
32
Q

What is the difference between a simple drill and a full drill?

What is the benefit of a post-drill review?

A
  • Simple drills are employee response and evacuation
  • Full drills include response by fire and medical emergency response personnel (evac and test of communication).
  • Post-Drill review allows improvement to the emergency response plan, verifies that the plan works.
33
Q

What are some ‘musts’ when it comes to first response to fire emergencies?

A
  • ID primary evacuation routes and other means of escape
  • ID a muster point and ensure a headcount
  • Alert emergency response professionals
  • Alert all neighbors and those possible effected by the fire
  • Search for missing if it is safe to do so
  • Provide medical aid
  • Evacuate if ordered
  • Meet with the first responders
34
Q

What are the three steps in the emergency planning process?

A
  • Recognize and rank hazards and vulnerabilities
  • Consider most likely/severe and make a plan
  • Ensure organization is capable of implementing the plan and drill it
35
Q 
Fire emergency plan should describe the following:
Stated objective
Define Roles
Chain of Command
Organization
A

Objective - Brief summary of the plan
Roles - Specifies who puts the plan into action
Chain of Command - Who is in charge, responsibilities and authority
Organization - Who is the incident commander

36
Q

What are fire safety tips for exterior work conditions?

What are Fire Safety Tips for flammable liquids?

A

1) Keep weeds grass and vegetation short
- Keep area free of waste and garbage
- Remove flammables

  • Don’t store near exits or stairways
  • Provide approved storage cabinet
  • Ensure proper grounding / bonding in dispensing areas
37
Q

What are some Fire Safety Tips for hazardous materials?

What are some fire safety rules for Materials storage?

A
  • Maintain inventory for fire response
  • Signage at entrance where hazardous materials are stored
  • Don’t store near exits or stairways
  • Keep flammable waste in approved bins
  • Materials must not be stored under stairs or at exits
  • No Flammables in mechanical/electrical/boiler rooms
38
Q

What are some items to look for in inspections at:

  • Building Exits
  • Electrical Systems
  • Fire Extinguishers
A

Building Exits - Nothing blocking, adequate lighting, emergency lighting, exit signs
Electrical Systems - Replace extension cords with permanent, inspect for wear, maintain clearance in front of all electrical panels
Fire Extinguishers - Sign location, Keep area clear, Within service date, Tags are properly dated, Full

39
Q

What are the 9 elements of fire management?

A

1) Set clear policies and communicate the plan
2) Engage employee group at all levels
3) Educate and train ell employees
4) Prepare employees and practice the plan
5) Plan or retro-fit facilities to meet standards
6) Eliminate hazards
7) Provide Sprinklers/Fire detection/Fire alarms
8) Inspect and Maintain equipment
9) Utilize advice from local fire department

40
Q

What is operational risk management?

Is time for egress specifically defined in the National Building Code?

What does a fire safety management program need to have (4)?

A
  • The process where all operational risks are considered
  • No, but implied by requirements for egress routes
  • 1) Well trained response team, 2) Modern Fire Detection System, 3) Well maintained site and housekeeping, 4) Other prevention methods
41
Q

The fire prevention code, The National Fire Code of Canada, has prevention of ignition elements directing (3):

Other than life safety, define these other two fire safety objectives:
Property Conservation
Business Continuity

A

1) - Plans to consider sources of ignition
- Control of heat transfer that can increase heating of flammables
- General control of fuel sources
2) Property Conservation - Addresses material storage to reduce impact, manages inventories such that in event of fire most are protected
- Business Continuity - Ensures business goes on in event of a fire

42
Q

What is a Fire Safety Systems Analysis?

What is Life Safety?

A
  • Step by step approach to solving a fire safety problem, based on the NFPA Fire Safety Concepts Tree
  • Addresses construction, protection, and occupancy features necessary to minimize dangers to occupants lives from effects of fire. Establishes criteria for escape routes.
43
Q

What is an issue with terminating fire risk?

Which of the 4 T’s would you use with:

1) High impact low probability
2) Low impact low probability
3) Moderate to high impact, low to high probability
4) High impact, High Probability

A
  • The work which carries the risk must stop entirely which is not feasible for business.
  • Transfer
  • Tolerate
  • Treat
  • Terminate
44
Q

What are the 4 T’s of risk management?

What are most fire risks controlled by?

What is tolerating fire risk?

How might you transfer fire risk?

A
  • Treat, Transfer, Tolerate, Terminate
  • Treating
  • What businesses ave done everything they can to treat or transfer or terminate the risk, they must accept afterwards.
  • Pass the risk to a third party by insurance.
45
Q

What is the ISMEC managerial control system?

What is done at each stage of the Plan-Do-Check-Act process?

A
  • Identify work
  • Establish standards for work
  • Measuring performance or compliance to a standard
  • Evaluate performance
  • Correcting with a feedback loop
  • Plan - Define targets and procedures
  • Do - Implement Procedures
  • Check - Evaluate performance
  • Act - Prioritize
46
Q

What are some Visitor/Contractor Fire Management program responsibilities?

A
  • Adhere to site owners safety management system requirements
  • Train their employees as necessary
  • Monitor site conditions and take corrective action as necessary
  • Report hazards
  • Request help in dealing with fire hazards
47
Q

What are some ‘worker’ responsibilities for fire prevention?

A
  • Work with accordance to the safety management system
  • Work in a manner that won’t endanger anyone or thing
  • Report unsafe situations / hazards
  • Comply with legislation and regulations
48
Q

What are some ‘supervisor’ responsibilities for fire prevention?

A
  • Implement fire hazard assessment and control process
  • Administer record keeping
  • Ensure fire hazards and controls are communicated to all affected workers
  • Approve and implement recommendations for controls
  • Ensure workers are trained
49
Q

What are some ‘managers’ fire prevention responsibilities?

A
  • Be responsible for onsite incident prevention
  • Ensure equipment and supplies are provided and available
  • Instruct supervisors in proper practices and procedures
  • Monitor performance of contractors
  • Report hazards to senior management
  • Investigate fires/explosions/near misses
50
Q

What are some senior management fire prevention responsibilities?

A
  • Provide workplace free of uncontrolled fire hazards
  • Establish and maintain a fire prevention program
  • Ensure workers are trained in fire basics in event of fire
  • Report fires and explosions to authorities
  • Provide fire response equipment and facilities
  • Ensure operations comply with the law
  • Demonstrate a commitment to the program
51
Q

What are the major two elements of a fire safety management program?

What elements does a successful fire safety management program require?

A
  • Fire prevention and Fire protection
  • Senior management commitment, recognition of fire hazards, qualitative/quantitative evaluation of fire hazards, design and development of fire control plan, ensure plan is implemented, review system and systems performance.

CRSP Examination (13 decks)

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