OH&S Flashcards
Lost-time Injury
A workplace injury that results in the employee missing time.
Occupational Health and Safety (OH&S)
The identification, evaluation, and control of hazards associated with the work environment.
Occupational Injury
Any cit, fracture, sprain, or amputation resulting from a workplace accident.
Occupational Illness
Any abnormal condition or disorder caused by exposure to environmental factors associated with employment.
Brown Lung
A disease of the lungs caused by excessive inhalation of dust; the disease is in the pneumoconiosis family and often afflicts textile workers.
Assumption of Risk
The belief that a worker accepted the risk of employment when he or she accepted a job.
Accident Proneness
The notion that some individuals are inherently more likely than others to be involved in accidents, as a result of individual characteristics.
Due Diligence
An expected standard of conduct that requires employers to take every reasonable precaution to ensure safety.
Internal Responsibility System
The system of shared responsibility for health and safety that is the basis for most Canadian OH&S Legislation.
The Three Es
A traditional approach to OHS that emphasized engineering, education, and enforcement.
Act
A federal, provincial, or territorial law that constitutes the basic regulatory mechanism for occupational health and safety.
Regulations
Explain how the general intent of the act will be applied in specific circumstances.
Constructor
In health and safety legislation, a person or company that oversees the construction of a project and that is ultimately responsible for the health and safety of all workers.
Collective Liability
Where all employers in a class or other rate group are liable for the costs of any or all accidents and occupational diseases that occur in the operations of those employers.
Net Earnings
Salary after mandatory deductions (income tax, Canada Pension, and Employer Insurance).
Loss of Functional Capacity
Limit of ability or dexterity depending on the seriousness of an injury.
Vocational Rehabilitation
The steps undertaken by WCBs to help injured workers return to their place of employment or find similar or suitable work elsewhere.
Physical Rehabilitation
The steps taken to restore, fully or partially, the worker’s physical function.
Social Rehabilitation
The psychological and practical services that help workers with severe disabilities cope with daily life.
Latency Period
The time between exposure to a cause and development of a disease.
Hazard
Any source of potential adverse health effect, damage, or harm on something or someone under certain conditions at work.
Incident
An event or occurence that has or could have had a negative impact on people, property, or process.
Risk
The probability or the extent to which a hazard is likely to cause harm to people, processes, or equipment.
Risk Perception
An individual’s interpretation of the potential for harm based on values, beliefs, and experience with a hazard.
Unsafe Act
A deviation from standard job procedures or practices that increases a worker’s exposure to a hazard.
Human Factor
When a person causes an accident by commision, poor judgment, or omission (failing to do something).
Walk-through Survey
A survey in which a safety professional walks through a worksite and notes hazards.
Saftey Sampling
A systematic survey procedure undertaken by safety personnel who record their observations of unsafe practices on a sampling document.
Job Description
The content and hierarchy specific to a particular job.
Job Specifications
The requirements necessary to perform the various functions of a job (e.g., ability to lift weight, education level).
Hazard Analysis
An orderly, analytical technique that examines a system for the most probable hazards having the severest consequences, for the purpose of establishing corrective or control mechanisms.
Positive Tree
Shows, graphically, how a job should be done.
Fault Tree
An illustration of things that can go wrong.
Overt Traumatic Injuries
Injuries resulting from coming into contact with an energy source.
Overexertion Injuries
Injuries resulting from excessive physical effort, repetitive motions, and, possibly, awkward working positions.
Hazard Control
The program or process used to establish preventative and corrective measures.
Precontact Control
Addressing issues before an incident or accident occurs.
Contact Control
Identifying ways in which a hazardous situation can be prevented from becoming worse and harming workers.
Postcontact Control
Putting in place medical and cleanup operations and ensuring that the event cannot be repeated.
Engineering Control
Modification of work processes, equipment, and materials to reduce exposure to hazards.
Machine Guarding
Protection for workers from the hazards and energies created by moving machinery.
Administrative Control
Management involvment, training of employees, rotation of employees, environmental sampling, and medical surveillance to protect individuals.
Preventive Maintenance
The orderly, continuous, and scheduled protection and repair of equipment and buildings.
Physical Agents
Sources of energy that may cause injury or disease.
Ambient
All-encompassing condition associated with a given environment, being usually a composite of inputs from sources all around us.
Early Warning Change
A deterioration of hearing in the upper frequency–the earliest detectable sign of noise-induced hearing loss.
Vasoconstriction
The process of causing a constriction of the blood vessles.
Hyperreflexia
The condition of unusually quick reaction by the nerves to some external stimulus.
Attenuated or Attenuation
Reduction of noise at one location compared to another farther from the source.
Segmental Vibration
Affects only parts of the body.
Whole-body Vibration
Affects the whole body as a unit.
Necrosis
Death or decay of tissue.
Decalcification
Loss of lime salts (calcium) in the bones.
Resonance
The effect that occurs when an object reacts strongly to some particular frequency.
Homeostasis
The balance of heat generation.
Conduction
Heat transfer occuring when two surfaces are in contact.
Convection
Heat transfer occuring when one surface adds heat to the surroundings.
Radiation
Heat transfer occuring when energy is transmitted by electromagnetic waves.
Toxicity
Ability to cause injurt to human biological tissue.
Aerosols
Airborne respirable contaminants, such as liquid droplets or solid particulate, dispersed in air, that are of a fine enough particle size to remain suspended for a time.
Routes of Entry
Respiration, skin absorbtion, ingestion, and skin penetration.
Turbinates
Spiral or spongy sections of the respiratory system that have a centrifugal effect to help remove aerosols.
Target Organs
Tissues or organs that are most affected by exposure to a particular substance.
Surfactant Layer
Layer of liquids in the digestive tract and elsewhere that modify or reduce the surface tension within the conductors to move easily.
Boiling Point
Temperature at which the vapour pressure of a liquid equals atmospheric pressure.
Dermatitis
The inflammation of the skin from any cause.
Biological Agents
Natural organisims or products of organisims that present a risk to humans.
Agents
Any substances–Chemical, biological, or phisical–to which a human may be exposed at work or at home.
Psychologically Healthy and Safe Workplace
A workplace that promotes workers’ psychological well-being and actively works to prevent harm to workers’ psychological health including in negligent, reckless, or intentional ways.
Psychosocial Model of Health
Approach to the study of health that highlights the importance of both the social environment and psychological factors.
Stressor
An objectively verifiable event that occurs outside the individual that has the potential to cause stress.
Stress
An individual’s internal response to, or evaluation of, stressors; often characterized by negative feelings of arousal.
General Adaptation Syndrome
The body’s way of gearing up for fight or flight.
Moderator
A variable that changes the relationship between two other variables.
Risk Factor
A variable that increases the negative effects of stress.
Buffer
A variable that protects people from the negative effects of stress.
Type A Behaviour
Action-emotion complex that can be observed in any person who is aggressively involved in a chronic, incessant struggle to achieve increasingly more in increasingly less time.
Negative Affectivity
A dispositional dimension reflecting persistent individual differences in the experience of negative emotion.
Strain
The result of stress; it is classified into four categories of reactions: psychological, physical, behavioural, and organizational.
Preventive Stress Management
AN approach to managing stress in the workplace that emphasized that the health of an organization and its employees are interdependent; encourages the reduction of stressors in the workplace as well as the recognition and management of occupational stress and strain.
Tertiary Interventions
Stress intervention techniques that are used to help those individuals who have not been able to manage workplace stress effectively and who are now experiencing symptoms of strain.
Distributive Justice
The perceived fairness of outcomes.
Procedural Justice
The perceived fairness of decision-making processes.
Interactional Justice
The perceived fairness of interpersonal treatment.
Work-family Conflict
A type of inter-role conflict in which the role pressures experienced in the work and family domains are incompatible.
Work-to-family Conflict
A form of work-family conflict in which work demands interfere with the fulfillment of family responsibilities.
Family-to-work Conflict
A form of work-family conflict in which family demands interfere with the fulfillment of work responsibilities.
Behavioural Involvement
The amount of time a person spends in a particular role.
Psychological Involvement
The degree to which a person identifies with a particular role and sees the role as a central component of his or her self-concept.
Type 1 Violence
Violence committed by someone with no legitimate relationship to the organization, often while committing another criminal act.
Type 2 Violence
Violence committed by clients of customers of the organization.
Type 3 Violence
Violence committed by coworkers.
Type 4 Violence
Violence committed by the spouse or partner of the victim.
Imminent Risk
The short-term risk of violence occurring in the current situation.
Assault Cycle
A model suggesting that violence occurs only after a period of escalation.
Instructional Systems Design (ISD) model of Training
A general model of the training process that incorporates needs analysis, training design and delivery, and training evaluation and that notes the interdependencies among the three major components of the training.
Needs Analysis
The initial stage of the training development process, intended to identify employee and organizational deficiencies that can be addressed with training and to recognize potential obstacles to the success of a training program.
Organizational Analysis
An analysis of the entire organization designed to examine its resources, strategy, and environment in order to assess the organization’s support for training.
Safety Climate
Employee’s shared perceptions of the importance of safety in the workplace.
Train the Trainer
Programs designed to offer subject matter experts in various content areas skills in program delivery and communication.
Training Evaluation
A component of the ISD training movel designed to assess the value added for individuals and organizations following the implementation of a training program.
Close Call
A series of events that could hace led to a safety incident but did not.
Lost-time Injuries
A workplace injury that results in the employee missing time from work.
Safety Compliance
The extent to which employees follow safety rules and procedures.
Safety Participation
The extent to which employees go beyond compliance and engage proactively improve safety.
Safety Motivation
An Individual’s willingness to exert effort to enact safety behaviour and the valence associated with those behaviours.
Amotivation
Complete lack of motivation.
Intrinsic Motivation
Motivation based on one’s interest and enjoyment.
Extrinsic Motivation
Motivation rooted in instrumental reasons for acting.
Autonomous Motivation
Self-directed motivation reflecting an individual’s free will.
Controlled Motivation
Motivation based in response to pressure.
Safety Climate
Employees’ shared perceptions of the importance of safety in the workplace.
Safety Leadership
Organizational leadership that is actively focused on and promotes occupational health and safety.
Active Transactional Leadership
A form of leadership based on the foundation that leaders actively communicate to followers the tasks that are required to meet expectations.
Contingent Reward
A form of active transactional leadership in which leaders reward employees who meet their communicated expectations.
Management by Exception (active)
A form of active transactional leadership in which leaders monitor workers’ actions and step in with corrective action when needed to prevent serious problems from occuring.
Transformational Leadership
Highly effective approach to leadership that emphasizes employee well-being and is characterized by idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration.
Occupational Health and Safety Management System
Par of the overall manageent of the organization that addresses OH&S hazards and risks associated with its activities.
1-Fire: 2-Incipient Stage: 3-Smouldering Stage: 4-Free-burning Stage: 5-Uncontrolled Fire Stage
1- a chemical process in which fuel, oxygen, and heat are combined.
2- a source of ignition and fuel come together.
3- fuel, oxygen, and heat are present and are causing the heat to rise through limited chain reaction.
4- the stage at which flames first appear.
5- fire is out of control and major property damage is under way.
Reactive Material
Causes a violent, explosive reaction when it comes in contacat with another material, such as acetylene with water, or bleach with chlorinated cleaner.
RAC Program
A hazard recognition, assessment, and control program; a key element in most health and safety programs.
Critical Factors in the Investigative Process?
Timing, Severity, and legal Requirements.
Types of information collected for critical factors investigations? (OHS)
Human Factors, Situational Factors, Environmental Factors.
Investigative Methods to finding critical factors? (OHS)
Walkthroughs, Interviews, and Re-enactments.
Domino Theory
The theory that every incident results from a series of events.
Normal Incidents
The theory that incidents are expected outcomes of interactive complexities.
High-reliability Organizations
Organizations in hazardous industries that maintain a high safety record over time.
Cognitive Failure
A mistake or failure in the performance of an action that an individual is normally capable of performing.
Positive Safety Climate
Organizational context with a well-communicated commitment to occupational health and safety; employees generally share the perception that their safety is valued.
Supported and Sheltered Work
Modified work arrangements designed to help those with permanent disabilities who have either not been successful in competitive work environments or require substantial support to return to work.
