Officers handbook of Tactics Flashcards
1
Q
Name
A
Question
2
Q
What is the most basic principle of firefighting
A
What is the most basic principle of firefighting
3
Q
Removing an adult victim via portable ladder requires
A
Removing an adult victim via portable ladder requires
4
Q
After _____ minutes without oxygen, victims likely suffer br
A
After _____ minutes without oxygen, victims likely suffer brain damage
5
Q
More lives have been saved by _______ then all other means
A
More lives have been saved by _______ then all other means
6
Q
When in sufficient personnel, perform tasks that
A
When insufficient personnel, perform tasks that
7
Q
What advances in treatment of smoke inhalation make it impor
A
What advances in treatment of smoke inhalation make it important that we don’t write off civilians too early
8
Q
Priority of victim removal
A
Priority of victim removal
9
Q
Search of ___ and ___ from fire floor to roof must be immedi
A
Search of ___ and ___ from fire floor to roof must be immediate priority
10
Q
Victims that may have to be removed immediately, even if not
A
Victims that may have to be removed immediately, even if not in any immediate danger
11
Q
What can reduce or eliminate life hazard
A
What can reduce or eliminate life hazard
12
Q
Ways to reduce life hazards
A
Ways to reduce life hazards
13
Q
Apartment door must be kept shut until ____ , then advance h
A
Apartment door must be kept shut until ____ , then advance hoseline for extinguishment
14
Q
Sequence of actions for fire incidents
A
Sequence of actions for fire incidents
15
Q
What do you need to know before committing yourself to opera
A
What do you need to know before committing yourself to operations
16
Q
Last rule for firefighting
A
Last rule for firefighting
17
Q
When enough personnel are available to perform engine and la
A
When enough personnel are available to perform engine and ladder functions, they must carry out
18
Q
Name
A
Question
19
Q
Evaluation of problems and conditions that effect the outcom
A
Evaluation of problems and conditions that effect the outcome of a fire. Also includes info gathered during preplanning
20
Q
When does a proper size up begin and end
A
When does a proper size up begin and end
21
Q
If a building (brick/wood joist Type 3 or standard wood fram
A
If a building (brick/wood joist Type 3 or standard wood frame type 5, not lightweight) has been exposed to heavy fire for ___ or more, it may be too dangerous to enter
22
Q
List of factors affecting size up
A
List of factors affecting size up
23
Q
Factors that will change life hazard (4)
A
Factors that will change life hazard (4)
24
Q
Best method for dealing with high life hazardsWays to accomp
A
Best method for dealing with high life hazardsWays to accomplish this (4)
25
We should only undertake aggressive tactics in response to
We should only undertake aggressive tactics in response to
26
About ___ ff killed per 100,000 residential firesAbout ___ f
About ___ ff killed per 100,000 residential firesAbout ___ ff killed per 100,000 store fires
27
Large spaces should alert ff to possibility of
Large spaces should alert ff to possibility of
28
Most effective way to recall preplan information
Most effective way to recall preplan information
29
Ways to convey hazards to incoming crews (4)
Ways to convey hazards to incoming crews (4)
30
Hope is not an effective strategy, you have to
Hope is not an effective strategy, you have to
31
Biggest impact time has on ff
Biggest impact time has on ff
32
One of the key elements of size up is our estimate of
One of the key elements of size up is our estimate of
33
Key indicator of the likelihood of structural collapse
Key indicator of the likelihood of structural collapse
34
Most difficult of ff traps to predict
Most difficult of ff traps to predict
35
When does the 20 minutes start (with regard to collapse pote
When does the 20 minutes start (with regard to collapse potential in a fire in Class 3 or 5 structure)
36
Fire that has not vented from a single window has not been a
Fire that has not vented from a single window has not been at flashover for very long, generally under
37
A fire that has not vented or is only out of one or two wind
A fire that has not vented or is only out of one or two windows, is usually confined to one room and has been at flashover for
38
Fire venting out on two floors typically means (with regard
Fire venting out on two floors typically means (with regard to time elapsed)
39
A sign of advanced fire is burning through
A sign of advanced fire is burning through
40
What can cause fire to attack joists or stair stringers from
What can cause fire to attack joists or stair stringers from both the top and bottom simultaneously
41
Most important decision you will make as an IC
Most important decision you will make as an IC
42
Aggressive attack until first in units begin coming out-a pr
Aggressive attack until first in units begin coming out-a problem with this method is
43
What building materials/characteristics have been proven to
What building materials/characteristics have been proven to collapse with as little as 5 minutes fire exposure (4)
44
It should be dept policy that fire that has reached flashove
It should be dept policy that fire that has reached flashover stage in these lightweight buildings will only be fought from ___ until ___ and ___
45
Unprotected steel can fail in as little as
Unprotected steel can fail in as little as
46
System where dispatcher keeps track of elapsed time and prom
System where dispatcher keeps track of elapsed time and prompts the IC. Forces the IC to recognize time is passing and evaluate/verbalize progress
47
Time interval radio reports allow (2)
Time interval radio reports allow (2)
48
Implications/Concerns of construction (4)
Implications/Concerns of construction (4)
49
Greater compartmentation results in (3)
Greater compartmentation results in (3)
50
Fire that attacks class 2 buildings does not usually separat
Fire that attacks class 2 buildings does not usually separate connections, instead, the steel
51
Building class/type where walls, partitions, columns, floors
Building class/type where walls, partitions, columns, floors, and roofs are noncombustible. Designed to withstand the effects of fire for a limited time and prevent its spread
52
Building class/type where walls, partitions, columns, floors
Building class/type where walls, partitions, columns, floors, and roofs are noncombustible, but less fire resistance than Class 1. Not designed to withstand effects of fire or prevent spread
53
Building class/type with masonry or other noncombustible wal
Building class/type with masonry or other noncombustible walls with two hour fire resistance rating
54
Building class/type where exterior walls are masonry or othe
Building class/type where exterior walls are masonry or other noncombustible with two hour fire resistance rating. Interior columns, beams, girders and heavy timber
55
In Class/Type 4 construction, columns must be minimum of ___
In Class/Type 4 construction, columns must be minimum of ___. Floors and roofs are heavy plank at a minimum of ___ inch. Heavy fire load but excellent ___.
56
In true mill construction, a subset of heavy timber, the lac
In true mill construction, a subset of heavy timber, the lack of ___ makes firefighting less complex than ordinary buildings
57
Building class/type made of wood or other combustibles. Less
Building class/type made of wood or other combustibles. Less prone to collapse than noncombustible, more prone to extension
58
Two obvious concerns during size up that indicate the max po
Two obvious concerns during size up that indicate the max potential fire area
59
What can help determine true size of a structure (2)
What can help determine true size of a structure (2)
60
What has great influence on the tactics used to control a se
What has great influence on the tactics used to control a serious fire
61
Locations that create special firefighting problems...why?-t
Locations that create special firefighting problems...why?-top floor of brick/wood joist-below grade-beyond reach of ladder
62
Even if the original call reported fire on a different floor
Even if the original call reported fire on a different floor, don't ___
63
If you encounter a full floor of hot smoke and find no fire,
If you encounter a full floor of hot smoke and find no fire, there's a good chance you are ___.Classic indicator of
64
If all floors are pushing heavy smoke and no visible fire, e
If all floors are pushing heavy smoke and no visible fire, expect fire to be in the
65
If heavy, dirty smoke is pushing out of the chimney, especia
If heavy, dirty smoke is pushing out of the chimney, especially during non-heating seasons, look at the ___ right away
66
Color of smoke indicating presence of petroleum based produc
Color of smoke indicating presence of petroleum based product
67
Larger volumes of black smoke at the roof often signal
Larger volumes of black smoke at the roof often signal
68
Light to moderate quantities of black smoke in the basement
Light to moderate quantities of black smoke in the basement indicate an
69
Historically, black smoke from residential means ___, that i
Historically, black smoke from residential means ___, that is no longer reliable due to ___.
70
Type of smoke produced when Class A material-has sufficient
Type of smoke produced when Class A material-has sufficient oxygen-doesn't have sufficient oxygen
71
Heavy rolling clouds, violently twisting skyward indicate (2
Heavy rolling clouds, violently twisting skyward indicate (2)
72
Wispy smoke indicates fire in ___ stage
Wispy smoke indicates fire in ___ stage
73
Smoke that is settling or hanging in low spots indicates
Smoke that is settling or hanging in low spots indicates
74
FF next priority following life hazard
FF next priority following life hazard
75
At times, the conditions that dictate taking a defensive mod
At times, the conditions that dictate taking a defensive mode isn't the building or exposure, it is
76
Most residential rooms have a fire load of ___ lbs of fuel
Most residential rooms have a fire load of ___ lbs of fuel per sq ftLibraries - ___-___ lbs fuel per sq ft
77
Each pound of ordinary combustibles gives off ___ to ___ BTU
Each pound of ordinary combustibles gives off ___ to ___ BTU's when totally consumed
78
Each gallon of water absorbs ___ BTU when heated from, 70 de
Each gallon of water absorbs ___ BTU when heated from, 70 degrees to steam
79
Water application rates increase roughly ___ with plastics
Water application rates increase roughly ___ with plastics
80
___ is advantageous to reducing damage to structural element
___ is advantageous to reducing damage to structural elements as well as aiding in search for victims
81
The presence and serviceability of ___ deserve high priorit
The presence and serviceability of ___ deserve high priority in any size-up
82
Two immediate ways to reduce the likelihood of a loss in sit
Two immediate ways to reduce the likelihood of a loss in situations where available water delivery systems aren't enough to extinguish the fire
83
OOS auxiliary appliances are often justification for
OOS auxiliary appliances are often justification for
84
Special street conditions like trenches, road construction,
Special street conditions like trenches, road construction, or even deep snow may require
85
Newer buildings of metal construction add little to nothing
Newer buildings of metal construction add little to nothing to the fire load. The major exception to this statement is
86
Responsible for the destruction by fire of more buildings th
Responsible for the destruction by fire of more buildings than any other constructions related factor
87
Poured concrete buildings can act as one-piece structures. G
Poured concrete buildings can act as one-piece structures. Generally, any failure that occurs in them will be
88
Class of structure that is the least stable in terms of coll
Class of structure that is the least stable in terms of collapse
89
This is usually the primary function of engine companies
This is usually the primary function of engine companies
90
In theory, 1 gal of water will provide sufficient cooling to
In theory, 1 gal of water will provide sufficient cooling to quench approx ___ of fuel
91
Flows of ___ for each ___ sq ft of fire area are sufficient
Flows of ___ for each ___ sq ft of fire area are sufficient to control fires in areas of light fire loads of ordinary combustibles, provided the area has not been vented
92
Name
Question
93
Things that have helped improve the ability to get inside an
Things that have helped improve the ability to get inside and put out a fire
94
Fire progresses through the following three stages
Fire progresses through the following three stages
95
Characteristics of fire in Incipient stage (3)How to attack?
Characteristics of fire in Incipient stage (3)How to attack? (3)
96
Characteristics of fire in Free-burning stage (5)How to atta
Characteristics of fire in Free-burning stage (5)How to attack? (2)
97
In which stage do you find most working fires?
In which stage do you find most working fires?
98
A way to obtain a floor layout in a multi story building
A way to obtain a floor layout in a multi story building
99
Generally, ___ length of hose is sufficient for most homes/a
Generally, ___ length of hose is sufficient for most homes/apartments
100
Safe areas where you would stretch dry hose to would be (3)
Safe areas where you would stretch dry hose to would be (3)
101
Method of attack where you sweep ceiling for 5 to 10 seconds
Method of attack where you sweep ceiling for 5 to 10 seconds to cool the hot gasses then lower to burning materials
102
Nozzle team should stretch dry hose to a ___ before having t
Nozzle team should stretch dry hose to a ___ before having the line charged
103
In an advanced multi-room fire, nozzle operator should use _
In an advanced multi-room fire, nozzle operator should use ___ to move fire farther and farther away. Progressing from ___ to ___ to ___ continuouesly
104
What to do if using a fog stream and getting a lot of heat b
What to do if using a fog stream and getting a lot of heat behind you
105
Advantages of combination attack (3)
Advantages of combination attack (3)
106
Disadvantages of combination attack (2)
Disadvantages of combination attack (2)
107
Characteristics of Smoldering/Decaying Stage (2)
Characteristics of Smoldering/Decaying Stage (2)
108
If you suspect a backdraft, the first tactic is to
If you suspect a backdraft, the first tactic is to
109
If you suspect a backdraft and roof ventilation is not possi
If you suspect a backdraft and roof ventilation is not possible or will take too long, the second approach should be
110
Where do most backdrafts occur
Where do most backdrafts occur
111
Elements needed for successful indirect attack (4)
Elements needed for successful indirect attack (4)
112
In an indirect attack, if resources do not permit a rapid fo
In an indirect attack, if resources do not permit a rapid follow up and immediate advance of sufficient hose streams, then it is best to
113
If ventilation is performed prematurely, ___ may occur throu
If ventilation is performed prematurely, ___ may occur throughout the superheated area
114
Two reasons the indirect method of attack isnt practical fo
Two reasons the indirect method of attack isn't practical for the majority of structure fires is
115
Four key requirements for indirect attack
Four key requirements for indirect attack
116
Indirect attack is not suitable for use in
Indirect attack is not suitable for use in
117
Indirect attack does not maintain
Indirect attack does not maintain
118
Large-area commercial structures are unlikely locations for
Large-area commercial structures are unlikely locations for indirect attack since
119
It is important to recognize that the use of the indirect me
It is important to recognize that the use of the indirect method of attack alone may not prevent
120
Third option/approach for suspected backdraft
Third option/approach for suspected backdraft
121
Misconception about backdrafts is that they dont occur at f
Misconception about backdrafts is that they don't occur at fires that are
122
Advantages of Indirect Method of Attack (4)
Advantages of Indirect Method of Attack (4)
123
Disadvantages of Indirect Method of Attack (5)
Disadvantages of Indirect Method of Attack (5)
124
Three different operating modes
Three different operating modes
125
Defensive operations are generally ___, with the highest pri
Defensive operations are generally ___, with the highest priority being ___
126
Exposure protection is best accomplished by
Exposure protection is best accomplished by
127
Two means responsible for most of the spread of fire to expo
Two means responsible for most of the spread of fire to exposures
128
Important tactic at fires in warehouses containing poisons o
Important tactic at fires in warehouses containing poisons or pesticides...and why?
129
Cardinal rule of aggressive firefighting
Cardinal rule of aggressive firefighting
130
Major downfall of many engine company operations
Major downfall of many engine company operations
131
Things that influence the time it takes to position hoseline
Things that influence the time it takes to position hoseline (4)
132
Get the first line in place between the ___ and ___ as soon
Get the first line in place between the ___ and ___ as soon as possible. If necessary commit ___ to the task
133
Before you split crews or start another difficult hoseline s
Before you split crews or start another difficult hoseline stretch with an insufficient number of personnel, concentrate on
134
Only two things should prevent hoseline advances
Only two things should prevent hoseline advances
135
If heat is thwarting the advance, as opposed to a visible bo
If heat is thwarting the advance, as opposed to a visible body of fire, the answer probably lies in
136
If flame is impeding your advance, ___ is needed, or ___
If flame is impeding your advance, ___ is needed, or ___
137
When a larger flow is needed, the most practical method is
When a larger flow is needed, the most practical method is
138
Rule of thumb when committing a second line is
Rule of thumb when committing a second line is
139
In an average house or apartment, if the fire hasnt darkene
In an average house or apartment, if the fire hasn't darkened down after ___ of hoseline operations, something is drastically wrong. In most cases this will happen in under ___
140
In most cases, the threats to victims are best removed if we
In most cases, the threats to victims are best removed if we
141
The ___ attack is highly suited for the second, free-burning
The ___ attack is highly suited for the second, free-burning stage with its high ceiling temps and large volume of flame yet sufficient oxygen and relatively low floor area temps
142
A master stream from an elevated platform can cover a fronta
A master stream from an elevated platform can cover a frontage about ___ in length and up to about ___ stories high
143
Final guide for engine company ff
Final guide for engine company ff
144
Name
Question
145
Two criteria to determine whether your effort will successfu
Two criteria to determine whether your effort will successfully extinguish the fire
146
Residences have three characteristics that play an important
Residences have three characteristics that play an important role when selecting hoselines
147
If a fire in a residential occupancy has reached flashover s
If a fire in a residential occupancy has reached flashover stage, a hoseline of at least ___ diameter is required
148
Past experience has shown that 2 1/2 hose is ___ on all but
Past experience has shown that 2 1/2" hose is ___ on all but the largest residential fires
149
Most commercial/industrial properties dictate stretching a 2
Most commercial/industrial properties dictate stretching a 2 1/2" hose because (3 reasons)
150
Rule of thumb, ___ lengths of 1 1/2 hose is the maximum len
Rule of thumb, ___ lengths of 1 1/2" hose is the maximum length for preconnect if you want to flow 125 GPM___ lengths of 1 3/4" at 150 GPM or 2" at 190 GPM
151
Even relatively small commercial buildings can require ___ o
Even relatively small commercial buildings can require ___ or more of hose to reach the fire
152
Rule of thumb is to have enough hose to equal
Rule of thumb is to have enough hose to equal
153
Overstreching (hoselines) results in (3 things)
Overstreching (hoselines) results in (3 things)
154
A good way to ensure that you have the correct amount of hos
A good way to ensure that you have the correct amount of hose is to have the nozzle team arrive at the fire area with
155
What is the beginning of a successful fire attack?
What is the beginning of a successful fire attack?
156
When stretching a hose along the stairwell, a reasonable est
When stretching a hose along the stairwell, a reasonable estimate is
157
When running hose up an open stairwell...when the attack tea
When running hose up an open stairwell...when the attack team reaches a safe area, they must secure the hose to prevent
158
Unless used strictly for overhaul, it should be taboo to str
Unless used strictly for overhaul, it should be taboo to stretch a handline directly off ___
159
Of the three items to consider when putting a line into oper
Of the three items to consider when putting a line into operation, ___ will probably have the greatest effect on the fire
160
The highest priority for hoseline positioning is
The highest priority for hoseline positioning is
161
In unusual circumstances, a separate line may be required to
In unusual circumstances, a separate line may be required to protect each individual rescue. This should not, however, delay ___
162
In any multi-level building, except for the need to place ho
In any multi-level building, except for the need to place hoselines to protect a specific life hazard, the main priority must be
163
When the fire is below you, you must have ___ before startin
When the fire is below you, you must have ___ before starting down the stairs
164
For fires in one story commercial buildings or outside fires
For fires in one story commercial buildings or outside fires of significant proportions, the hoseline should be placed to
165
Many fires that occur in the means of egress are the result
Many fires that occur in the means of egress are the result of
166
Factors to consider when making a decision about whether to
Factors to consider when making a decision about whether to commit the first line to interior operations or to act as an exposure protection line
167
Combustible siding that poses the biggest exposure risk
Combustible siding that poses the biggest exposure risk
168
Greatest protection from radiant heat (exposures)
Greatest protection from radiant heat (exposures)
169
From an exposure standpoint, the most severe threat to a non
From an exposure standpoint, the most severe threat to a non combustible sided building would be
170
With as little as ___ gap between two noncombustible walls,
With as little as ___ gap between two noncombustible walls, there is little threat from exposure if the first line puts the fire out
171
In a framed structure, if the entire wall surface of the fir
In a framed structure, if the entire wall surface of the fire building is involved, the separation of ___ or even ___ may not be enough to prevent an exposure from becoming involved
172
Functions of the nozzle
Functions of the nozzle
173
Temporary measure to reestablish/maintain control of the noz
Temporary measure to reestablish/maintain control of the nozzle
174
If only a portion of the flow is required for fire control,
If only a portion of the flow is required for fire control, ___
175
Rule of thumb, no nozzle should have an opening greater than
Rule of thumb, no nozzle should have an opening greater than
176
___ is a useful factor to keep in mind when the fire is hidd
___ is a useful factor to keep in mind when the fire is hidden, either in deep-seated piles of materials or behind building surfaces. (nozzles openings)
177
Nozzle tip for response area made up of overcrowded tenement
Nozzle tip for response area made up of overcrowded tenements with tight bends and long hose stretchesAdvantages of it...
178
Two main types of fog nozzles currently in use
Two main types of fog nozzles currently in use
179
It is a good idea always to ensure that when beginning opera
It is a good idea always to ensure that when beginning operations, the nozzles manual setting is
180
Basic concept of a constant-pressure (automatic) fog nozzle
Basic concept of a constant-pressure (automatic) fog nozzle
181
Rule of thumb, if one person can control a 1 3/4 or 2 hand
Rule of thumb, if one person can control a 1 3/4" or 2" handline, then
182
A fire in a ___ can spread quickly and pose the added danger
A fire in a ___ can spread quickly and pose the added danger of falling objects
183
Last resort devices for applying water where an entrance to
Last resort devices for applying water where an entrance to an area is impossible or impractical. Most people grossly underestimate the time it takes to put them into operation
184
Things that have reduced the use of cellar nozzles and distr
Things that have reduced the use of cellar nozzles and distributors (3 things)
185
Cellar nozzles task is to ___ the fire rather than ___
Cellar nozzles task is to ___ the fire rather than ___
186
Difficulties associated with the use of cellar nozzles
Difficulties associated with the use of cellar nozzles
187
How to protect the person/crew cutting the access hole and o
How to protect the person/crew cutting the access hole and operating the cellar nozzle
188
Cellar pipes, such as the ___, only apply water in one or tw
Cellar pipes, such as the ___, only apply water in one or two directions at a time. For this reason, they must be constantly staffed with personnel directing the stream for greatest effect
189
One redeeming factor of cellar pipes
One redeeming factor of cellar pipes
190
Revolving nozzle with a limited range, a radius of the only
Revolving nozzle with a limited range, a radius of the only ___. Has to be placed nearly directly over the fire
191
Bresnan distributor disadvantage/advantage
Bresnan distributor disadvantage/advantage
192
When using any cellar nozzle, place a ___ so that the crew c
When using any cellar nozzle, place a ___ so that the crew can control the flow without worrying about the floor caving in beneath them
193
Extremely expanded solution of water and detergent
Extremely expanded solution of water and detergent
194
Primary function of High-ex foam
Primary function of High-ex foam
195
Primarily been used as a defensive tool when crews have been
Primarily been used as a defensive tool when crews have been pushed out of a cellar and nothing else seems to be working
196
When high-ex foam is discharged into an area, an opening mus
When high-ex foam is discharged into an area, an opening must be provided preferably located ___ for the purpose of
197
Factors that must be present for high-ex foam to stand a cha
Factors that must be present for high-ex foam to stand a chance of extinguishing the fire
198
Problems with high-ex foam
Problems with high-ex foam
199
Only enter high-ex foam blanket under the following circumst
Only enter high-ex foam blanket under the following circumstances
200
Description given to the several additives that were first d
Description given to the several additives that were first developed to reduce water surface tension
201
System designed to improve the flow of water through a hosel
System designed to improve the flow of water through a hoseline by injecting POLYOX
202
One of the first Class A foams developed
One of the first Class A foams developed
203
Additive originally developed by 3M with the Navy for use on
Additive originally developed by 3M with the Navy for use on Class B fires primarily involving aircraft crash firefighting
204
For the purpose of applying foam to coat the exterior of an
For the purpose of applying foam to coat the exterior of an exposed structure as a wildfire approached, what allowed the foam to cling to walls and other vertical surfaces better than wetter foam produced by fog nozzles
205
Basic components for CAFS
Basic components for CAFS
206
Claims have been made that a CAFS stream can knock down a fi
Claims have been made that a CAFS stream can knock down a fire in ___ the time of a conventional hoseline using only ___ the water
207
Current disadvantages of CAFS
Current disadvantages of CAFS
208
Can be used to extinguish gasoline truck fire from greater s
Can be used to extinguish gasoline truck fire from greater safety
209
Characteristic of AFFF that makes it ideal for fighting gaso
Characteristic of AFFF that makes it ideal for fighting gasoline truck fires as opposed to protein foam
210
An innovative way to fight fires involving the undercarriage
An innovative way to fight fires involving the undercarriages of many of the heavier motor vehicles
211
Uses for the piercing applicator (3)
Uses for the piercing applicator (3)
212
Putting the proper size hoseline at the required place in th
Putting the proper size hoseline at the required place in the least possible time with the most efficient use of personnel is the job of the
213
Even a flimsy hollow-core wooden door has some containment v
Even a flimsy hollow-core wooden door has some containment value if
214
A unit that only responds to single-story homes built on sla
A unit that only responds to single-story homes built on slabs will probably be able to use ___ hose to good advantage, while units that face larger homes and those with basements or cellars may require ___
215
Name
Question
216
Ensuring that the proper volume of water is available at the
Ensuring that the proper volume of water is available at the required location on the fireground
217
1 cu ft of water weighs about ___ and is equal to about ___
1 cu ft of water weighs about ___ and is equal to about ___ gallons
218
Fluid pressure is ___ to the surface on which it acts
Fluid pressure is ___ to the surface on which it acts
219
The pressure in a confined body of water at rest is the ___
The pressure in a confined body of water at rest is the ___
220
The pressure of a fluid in an open container is ___
The pressure of a fluid in an open container is ___
221
For every foot of height that the water rises, it exerts ___
For every foot of height that the water rises, it exerts ___ of force. This is known as ___
222
The pressure of water in an open container is independent of
The pressure of water in an open container is independent of the shape and volume of the container. It depends solely on ___
223
The pressure a fluid exerts is proportional to the ___ of th
The pressure a fluid exerts is proportional to the ___ of that fluid
224
If the intake of the pump is ___ above the surface of the li
If the intake of the pump is ___ above the surface of the liquid at any time, it will be physically impossible to draft
225
Pressure on a confined fluid is transmitted ___ throughout t
Pressure on a confined fluid is transmitted ___ throughout that fluid
226
Most common resistance to water flow
Most common resistance to water flow
227
Low flow where there is almost no turbulence and all water m
Low flow where there is almost no turbulence and all water molecules move along quite smoothly
228
Factors involved in supply capabilities (3)
Factors involved in supply capabilities (3)
229
Items that should be known by pump operators and company/chi
Items that should be known by pump operators and company/chief officers before the incident
230
Having a hydrant in front of the house does not ensure
Having a hydrant in front of the house does not ensure
231
Static pressure is no indicator of the ___ of water availabl
Static pressure is no indicator of the ___ of water available at a hydrant
232
Low flowing pressure often indicates that the pumper should
Low flowing pressure often indicates that the pumper should be placed ___. This is a good policy for all but the ___.
233
Minimum residual pressure that should be allowed is
Minimum residual pressure that should be allowed is
234
Occurs when there isnt enough water in the pump to supply t
Occurs when there isn't enough water in the pump to supply the demand
235
Two possible actions to take to keep pressure from going bel
Two possible actions to take to keep pressure from going below 10 psi
236
At a house fire, ___ takes priority over ___, due to the pot
At a house fire, ___ takes priority over ___, due to the potential life hazard and the relatively small fire area and light fire loading
237
Inline pumping (pumping at the house vs from the hydrant) fo
Inline pumping (pumping at the house vs from the hydrant) for private dwelling fires has the advantage of speed which is ideal, but still has the disadvantage that
238
Centrifugal pumps will deliver increasingly ___ flows as the
Centrifugal pumps will deliver increasingly ___ flows as the pressure is ___
239
For relay pumping, the problem isnt always best solved by a
For relay pumping, the problem isn't always best solved by a bigger pump. It might be more cost-effective to correct the___
240
Drawback of automatic nozzles, particularly on master stream
Drawback of automatic nozzles, particularly on master stream devices
241
It would be prudent to restrict the use of 4 hose to pumper
It would be prudent to restrict the use of 4" hose to pumpers of ___
242
One of the advantages of LDH
One of the advantages of LDH
243
Using LDH to take advantage of its low friction loss is norm
Using LDH to take advantage of its low friction loss is normally best accomplished by using the the hose as
244
The most versatile, most highly maneuverable master stream o
The most versatile, most highly maneuverable master stream on the fireground today
245
One of the most common reasons for deploying a master stream
One of the most common reasons for deploying a master stream
246
Telescoping boom vs articulating boom devices for taxpayer f
Telescoping boom vs articulating boom devices for taxpayer fires
247
Advantages of platform (tower ladder) vs ladder pipes for (2
Advantages of platform (tower ladder) vs ladder pipes for (2)
248
One easy way to take much of the difficulty out of water sup
One easy way to take much of the difficulty out of water supply is to use ___ in conjunction with pressure gauges
249
One complicating factor in the use of flow meters is
One complicating factor in the use of flow meters is
250
Most satisfactory method to supply large flows is to use
Most satisfactory method to supply large flows is to use
251
If LDH isnt available, the next best option is to use
If LDH isn't available, the next best option is to use
252
Even more important [regarding water supply] is to understan
Even more important [regarding water supply] is to understand that it is ___ that puts it out, not the pressure at which it is applied
253
___ is of very little use to firefighters. It isn’t a pressu
___ is of very little use to firefighters. It isn’t a pressure that is able to move water
254
According to one estimate, the fire loading of a building wi
According to one estimate, the fire loading of a building with large amounts of plastics is
255
The biggest mistake is to think that by directing a stream t
The biggest mistake is to think that by directing a stream through a hole in the roof...
256
Name
Question
257
Sprinklers controlled or extinguished the fire more than ___
Sprinklers controlled or extinguished the fire more than ___ of the time. In more than 90% of the cases reported, only ___ or ___ heads went off
258
What has proved to be the most effective means of protecting
What has proved to be the most effective means of protecting life and property from fire
259
Each normal sprinkler head flowing at 50 psi will deliver ab
Each normal sprinkler head flowing at 50 psi will deliver about ___. Drop the pressure to 5 psi and the heads will only flow about ___.
260
Two factors to consider when planning to supply FDCs
Two factors to consider when planning to supply FDCs
261
Pumper supplying the sprinkler system should keep siamese li
Pumper supplying the sprinkler system should keep siamese lines ___ and operate in ___, discharging at ___
262
When newly installed (most systems), piping is hydrostatical
When newly installed (most systems), piping is hydrostatically tested to
263
One problem that sprinklers produce
One problem that sprinklers produce
264
Sprinklers detect fire early, sound the alarm, and begin to
Sprinklers detect fire early, sound the alarm, and begin to apply water. This thwarts combustion, so CO levels will
265
Three factors (caused by automatic sprinklers) that remove t
Three factors (caused by automatic sprinklers) that remove the fresh air layer often seen at fires
266
___ will often be required to move this cold smoke, especial
___ will often be required to move this cold smoke, especially in below-grade areas
267
Problem encountered with partial sprinkler systems:How to ha
Problem encountered with partial sprinkler systems:How to handle these incidents:
268
Key point in fighting fires in sprinklered buildings: ___ is
Key point in fighting fires in sprinklered buildings: ___ is an absolute must, but will often be extremely difficult
269
Strategy for fires in sprinklered buildings
Strategy for fires in sprinklered buildings
270
Most common and simplest type of sprinkler system. Pipe syst
Most common and simplest type of sprinkler system. Pipe system connected to a source of supply that has water in its piping at all times.
271
Primary function of the alarm valve
Primary function of the alarm valve
272
With recurring false alarms from water surges, sprinkler con
With recurring false alarms from water surges, sprinkler contractors can adjust the alarm piping so water will flow for a longer period before it sets of alarm, up to ___
273
System found in un-heated areas, where freezing poses a thre
System found in un-heated areas, where freezing poses a threat. More complex than wet systems. 2nd most common
274
Valve that has much larger top than bottom surface. The air
Valve that has much larger top than bottom surface. The air pressure on top will be about 30-40 psi, which will hold back up to 100 psi
275
A problem that occurs (dry pipe system) when the water above
A problem that occurs (dry pipe system) when the water above the clapper is so high that its weight will hold the clapper closed, even after a sprinkler has opened an all the air has bled out
276
The dry-pipe system wont ___ by itself, nor can the alarm s
The dry-pipe system won't ___ by itself, nor can the alarm service ___ it. The owner must arrange for the services of ___
277
(After Dry pipe system has gone off) If no threat of freezin
(After Dry pipe system has gone off) If no threat of freezing, ff can leave the system on as
278
Piping system connected to a water source controlled by an a
Piping system connected to a water source controlled by an automatic valve. Open sprinkler heads.
279
Deluge systems protect areas such as
Deluge systems protect areas such as
280
FF responding to buildings protected by deluge systems must
FF responding to buildings protected by deluge systems must be prepared to
281
When shutting down control valves on deluge systems, you mus
When shutting down control valves on deluge systems, you must be careful not to
282
Automatic detection system coupled with an automatic dry-pip
Automatic detection system coupled with an automatic dry-pipe system. Often installed over very expensive electronic equipment that could be damaged by water leak
283
Preaction differs from deluge in that
Preaction differs from deluge in that
284
Preaction system saves time in getting water on the fire sin
Preaction system saves time in getting water on the fire since
285
Preaction systems are activated by ___. In some cases ___ de
Preaction systems are activated by ___. In some cases ___ detectors must activate to prevent false alarm trips
286
The most recent innovation in sprinkler systems use heat det
The most recent innovation in sprinkler systems use heat detectors to ___
287
Primary purpose of Preaction system
Primary purpose of Preaction system
288
Excellent choice for a system that has limited water supply,
Excellent choice for a system that has limited water supply, such as a pressure tank
289
Logical way to extend sprinkler protection into existing uns
Logical way to extend sprinkler protection into existing unsprinklered high-rise buildings in the early 70's
290
Exterior signs that a building is protected by a sprinkler s
Exterior signs that a building is protected by a sprinkler system are
291
Upon arrival at a fire in a sprinklered building, we should
Upon arrival at a fire in a sprinklered building, we should first determine ___, since this will indicate our course of action
292
Building codes often permit ___ with the installation of a s
Building codes often permit ___ with the installation of a sprinkler system, especially in new construction
293
If we find a fire in a building where sprinklers are not ope
If we find a fire in a building where sprinklers are not operating, conduct manual attack and immediately ___
294
If sprinklers arent operating at a fire, send recon team to
If sprinklers aren't operating at a fire, send recon team to check the ___. If it's found closed, it could be an indication of ___.
295
When entering a building in alarm after hours, be alert to
When entering a building in alarm after hours, be alert to
296
As soon as we have determined that a sprinkler system is pre
As soon as we have determined that a sprinkler system is present and functioning, we should
297
Control valves are generally located near ___. The best poli
Control valves are generally located near ___. The best policy is to locate ___.
298
Most common type of sprinkler system control
Most common type of sprinkler system control
299
OS&Y stem showing means the valve is
OS&Y stem showing means the valve is
300
Valve that shows open/shut by means of a sign within the ste
Valve that shows open/shut by means of a sign within the stem of the valve. Normally found with its operating handle secured by a padlock.
301
Valve that shows open/shut by means of a sign within the ste
Valve that shows open/shut by means of a sign within the stem of the valve. Most often permanently fitted with a spoked handwheel to operate it but doesn't raise or lower a stem
302
Second largest pipe beside the large supply main. Valve is o
Second largest pipe beside the large supply main. Valve is of an unusual design, often an angle valve
303
Advantage of chocking flowing sprinklers when restoring the
Advantage of chocking flowing sprinklers when restoring the system
304
All sprinkler heads are marked and color-coded for ___
All sprinkler heads are marked and color-coded for ___
305
If replacing a sprinkler head to restore system to operation
If replacing a sprinkler head to restore system to operational. You should ___
306
Standpipe system that only has water in it when the fire dep
Standpipe system that only has water in it when the fire department pumps into it. May be found adjoining fire escapes or inside. Commonly found in buildings under construction with no heat
307
Inherent problems with manual dry standpipe
Inherent problems with manual dry standpipe
308
Standpipe system with small water supply (too small for adeq
Standpipe system with small water supply (too small for adequate stream). Slight improvement over manual dry standpipe. Reduces problems of corrosion and open valves.
309
Preferred type of standpipe system. Source of water under pr
Preferred type of standpipe system. Source of water under pressure right up to each hose outlet.
310
Better alternative to manual dry standpipe for freezing weat
Better alternative to manual dry standpipe for freezing weather. Deluge type valve connected to a set of manual pull boxes at each hose station
311
Standpipe filled with compressed air until outlet valve is o
Standpipe filled with compressed air until outlet valve is opened. Not common due to maintenance problems and the need to bleed air out through the nozzle
312
Good practice to boost pressure to the standpipe system
Good practice to boost pressure to the standpipe system
313
Standpipe class designed primarily for use by fire dept pers
Standpipe class designed primarily for use by fire dept personnel or others trained in handling heavy fire streams. Typically no hose provided (occasionally equipped with hose for a occupants fire brigade)
314
Class 1 standpipe systems have ___ outlets
Class 1 standpipe systems have ___ outlets
315
Standpipe class designed for use by building occupants to co
Standpipe class designed for use by building occupants to control minor fires until the fire department arrives. Equipped with 1 1/2" hose. Shouldn't be relied upon by fire dept personnel for serious interior fires
316
Standpipe class designed to allow a department to use heavy
Standpipe class designed to allow a department to use heavy hose streams as well as provide first-aid hose for occupant use prior to arrival of fire department
317
What to consider when deciding whether to open a stairwell d
What to consider when deciding whether to open a stairwell door to attack fire
318
Problem with Class 3 standpipe having an outlet for 1 1/2 h
Problem with Class 3 standpipe having an outlet for 1 1/2" hose connection to be used by untrained operator
319
Pressure reducing device that consists of two sets of overla
Pressure reducing device that consists of two sets of overlapping holes on a movable plate
320
Precaution before connecting any fire department hose to a s
Precaution before connecting any fire department hose to a standpipe outlet
321
Designed to allow only a set maximum pressure through the va
Designed to allow only a set maximum pressure through the valve, regardless of flow
322
Maintenance on PRVs should be done at least every ___
Maintenance on PRVs should be done at least every ___
323
Important component of standpipe kit to help member controll
Important component of standpipe kit to help member controlling the outlet valve determine pressures
324
time that it takes to respond to the building and set up for
time that it takes to respond to the building and set up for operations (standpipe ops)
325
NFPA 14 requires each point in an unsprinklered building be
NFPA 14 requires each point in an unsprinklered building be within ___ . For sprinklered buildings the distance is ___.
326
Recommended location to connect to standpipe
Recommended location to connect to standpipe
327
Advantages/disadvantages of connecting to standpipe on the f
Advantages/disadvantages of connecting to standpipe on the floor below the fire
328
FF should never hook up to the standpipe on the fire floor i
FF should never hook up to the standpipe on the fire floor if
329
A key part of the standpipe operations plan is (2)
A key part of the standpipe operations plan is (2)
330
All nozzles used in standpipe operations should be ___
All nozzles used in standpipe operations should be ___
331
Smallest wrench that has a jaw opening large enough to fit a
Smallest wrench that has a jaw opening large enough to fit around a 2 1/2" coupling
332
Useful items in standpipe kit
Useful items in standpipe kit
333
Door latch search marker on both doorknobs indicates:Door la
Door latch search marker on both doorknobs indicates:Door latch search marker hanging on the public hallway side indicates:
334
Members should take the stairs if the fire is on the ___ flo
Members should take the stairs if the fire is on the ___ floor or below
335
Once enough personnel are available to ensure the rapid adva
Once enough personnel are available to ensure the rapid advance of the first line, additional personnel should be committed to
336
A good rule of thumb if more than one siamese connection is
A good rule of thumb if more than one siamese connection is found
337
In the event that obvious damage to the siameses is present
In the event that obvious damage to the siameses is present or the system isn't receiving adequate pressure through the initial lines
338
Good starting point discharge pressure for standpipe operati
Good starting point discharge pressure for standpipe operations is ___. If the hoseline is to be equipped with fog nozzle, pressure should be increased to ___.
339
In general, the installation of manual drypipes should be
In general, the installation of manual drypipes should be
340
The preferred type of standpipe system is
The preferred type of standpipe system is
341
Name
Question
342
A good aggressive interior attack is the result of a balance
A good aggressive interior attack is the result of a balance between ___ and ___
343
Sufficient personnel need to be assigned to ladder company f
Sufficient personnel need to be assigned to ladder company functions so that the following critical duties can be accomplished early enough to make a difference
344
Operational plan should at least provide the following speci
Operational plan should at least provide the following specifics
345
From past experience, the following three basic tools will b
From past experience, the following three basic tools will be required at almost all structure fires
346
Factors to consider when planning assignments where a member
Factors to consider when planning assignments where a member may be operating alone
347
At fires in buildings with large floor areas (malls, high ri
At fires in buildings with large floor areas (malls, high rises), prematurely committing a pumper or hoseline can have disastrous effect if the line is
348
In ladder company operations, the primary duty of the interi
In ladder company operations, the primary duty of the interior team is to
349
Fires most frequently start on ___ floors, severely exposing
Fires most frequently start on ___ floors, severely exposing the interior stairway rendering it useless
350
Roof venting isnt initially required but ___, which greatly
Roof venting isn't initially required but ___, which greatly speeds the advancement of hoseline, is required
351
As a rule, interior teams should always be assigned and equi
As a rule, interior teams should always be assigned and equipped with
352
Rather than attempting to assign duties to people, assign du
Rather than attempting to assign duties to people, assign duties to
353
The following factors affect the selection and placement of
The following factors affect the selection and placement of a portable ladder: (5)
354
As a rule of thumb, residential buildings can be estimated a
As a rule of thumb, residential buildings can be estimated as ___ from floor to floor. Increase this estimate to ___ in commercial buildings. Average windowsill height is ___ above the floor, with a window height of ___
355
Proper climbing angle for a portable ladder
Proper climbing angle for a portable ladder
356
At a 70* climbing angle, ___ of a ladders total length is l
At a 70* climbing angle, ___ of a ladder's total length is lost. The remaining ___ is called
357
How to approximate how far away from the building to place t
How to approximate how far away from the building to place the butt of the ladder
358
Currently, most ladders in the fire service are made of
Currently, most ladders in the fire service are made of
359
The lightweight of aluminum allows one person to handle most
The lightweight of aluminum allows one person to handle most ladders up to ___, both straight and extension. Two members can handle a ___ aluminum extension ladder if they butt it up against the building
360
Most common drawback of aluminum ladder
Most common drawback of aluminum ladder
361
Drawback of both fiberglass and aluminum
Drawback of both fiberglass and aluminum
362
For aluminum ladders, the only visible evidence of loss of s
For aluminum ladders, the only visible evidence of loss of strength from high heat may be
363
NFPA requires heat indicating labels on ___ of new aluminum
NFPA requires heat indicating labels on ___ of new aluminum and fiberglass ladders. Labels will change color when exposed to dangerous temperatures (___)
364
A design load of ___ has been selected for most ladders (exc
A design load of ___ has been selected for most ladders (excluding attic and folding)
365
Current ladders are at least ___ wide
Current ladders are at least ___ wide
366
Guidelines for the safe use of ladders (11)
Guidelines for the safe use of ladders (11)
367
If it is necessary to carry a ladder in the vertical positio
If it is necessary to carry a ladder in the vertical position for a short distance, one member must
368
If a ladder is being left unattended, secure it at the ___ r
If a ladder is being left unattended, secure it at the ___ rather than the ___ to prevent it from ___
369
Ladder towers vs tower ladders
Ladder towers vs tower ladders
370
How many rungs of the aerial above the roof?How far off the
How many rungs of the aerial above the roof?How far off the building?
371
When positioning an aerial, it is very important to make sur
When positioning an aerial, it is very important to make sure that the ladder is placed
372
When placing a platform to the roof, who can best place it?
When placing a platform to the roof, who can best place it?
373
When placing a platform, if no parapet wall, place the baske
When placing a platform, if no parapet wall, place the basketIf parapet wall, place basket
374
Search method often recommended more than an all-interior ap
Search method often recommended more than an all-interior approach. Escape route is always on the outside of the building
375
Where to place basket or aerial ladder for window access/res
Where to place basket or aerial ladder for window access/rescue
376
Amount of surface area that may be physically contacted by a
Amount of surface area that may be physically contacted by an aerial device
377
When positioning midship-mounted devices, the best scrub are
When positioning midship-mounted devices, the best scrub area is obtained by placing the apparatusRear mounted
378
Guidelines for aerial apparatus positioning (4)
Guidelines for aerial apparatus positioning (4)
379
In the absence of any specific requirements, position the ae
In the absence of any specific requirements, position the aerial apparatus ___
380
If people on aerial device are exposed to severe conditions
If people on aerial device are exposed to severe conditions your options are
381
The purpose of ___ is to guard against rekindling of the fir
The purpose of ___ is to guard against rekindling of the fire after the department has left the scene
382
A rekindle is often ___ than the original fireWhy?
A rekindle is often ___ than the original fireWhy?
383
Overhaul may be performed in the following two phases
Overhaul may be performed in the following two phases
384
Once fire has heavily involved a kitchen or bathroom, it is
Once fire has heavily involved a kitchen or bathroom, it is essential to examine ___. Why?
385
(Overhaul) After vertical voids, the most important areas to
(Overhaul) After vertical voids, the most important areas to examine are ___. The next location that must be examined is ___.
386
During postcontrol overhauling, ff must use ___ to decide wh
During postcontrol overhauling, ff must use ___ to decide what a justifiable opening is
387
As a guide, normal Class A combustibles that are showing ___
As a guide, normal Class A combustibles that are showing ___ on the surface are still hot enough to reignite
388
The ignition temperatures of common combustibles are in the
The ignition temperatures of common combustibles are in the range of ___. Human skin begins to develop burns at ___.
389
Rule/guideline to use when considering whether to open a wal
Rule/guideline to use when considering whether to open a wall or surface
390
Final sense that ff should use in overhauling
Final sense that ff should use in overhauling
391
Items such as mattresses and couches should usually be ___ f
Items such as mattresses and couches should usually be ___ for overhauling
392
Three statements of caution when transporting items (mattres
Three statements of caution when transporting items (mattresses/stuffed furniture) outdoors for final mop-up
393
When seeking out hidden fire, the first opening should be ma
When seeking out hidden fire, the first opening should be made near
394
A particularly difficult type of ceiling to pull is Most eff
A particularly difficult type of ceiling to pull is Most effective method to pull is
395
Most efficient tool for pulling tin ceilings
Most efficient tool for pulling tin ceilings
396
At top floor fires, best way to remove tin ceilings
At top floor fires, best way to remove tin ceilings
397
When its impractical to remove pieces, (fire has charred ab
When it's impractical to remove pieces, (fire has charred abutting wooden structural members or fire has burned roof joists and ridgepole of peaked roof) ___ may be required for overhaul
398
For overhauling in vacant buildings, take advantage of ___ w
For overhauling in vacant buildings, take advantage of ___ where water damage is nonexistent and dangers to ff are substantial
399
Fast methods to cover items in rooms before pulling ceiling
Fast methods to cover items in rooms before pulling ceiling if time permits
400
Useful tactic to allow accumulated water to run off instead
Useful tactic to allow accumulated water to run off instead of causing ceiling to collapse later
401
Members sent to cellars to shut down utilities must be equip
Members sent to cellars to shut down utilities must be equipped with ___, even if the fire is on the first or second floor
402
Before proceeding upward, check the climbing angle by
Before proceeding upward, check the climbing angle by
403
Pumpers carry hundreds of feet of hose, whereas aerials are
Pumpers carry hundreds of feet of hose, whereas aerials are of fixed lengths. Surely a pumper could be spotted
404
Name
Question
405
In serious fire situations, ___ should be the overriding con
In serious fire situations, ___ should be the overriding concern (forcible entry)
406
The last factor and the one that should be of the least conc
The last factor and the one that should be of the least concern in most cases (forcible entry)
407
4 Rules for forcible entry
4 Rules for forcible entry
408
About 99% of residential doors open ___. Commercial building
About 99% of residential doors open ___. Commercial buildings and places of assembly, doors open ___.
409
When going to Class 1 buildings, the axe can be replaced by
When going to Class 1 buildings, the axe can be replaced by ___ (forcible entry)
410
In public hallways at apartment buildings, if you encounter
In public hallways at apartment buildings, if you encounter a door that opens toward you expect it to possibly lead to a
411
Method for checking heat on the door prior to attempting to
Method for checking heat on the door prior to attempting to open it
412
When trying the doorknob, if its locked give it a shake to
When trying the doorknob, if it's locked give it a shake to determine
413
Most normal locking devices have a cylinder located about __
Most normal locking devices have a cylinder located about ___
414
Most efficient combination of manual forcible entry tools
Most efficient combination of manual forcible entry tools
415
Halligan provides ___ different means of getting a bite
Halligan provides ___ different means of getting a bite
416
In conventional forcible entry, to breach an inward-opening
In conventional forcible entry, to breach an inward-opening door
417
When other methods have failed in conventional forcible entr
When other methods have failed in conventional forcible entry, an alternative method to breach an inward-opening door (last resort)
418
In conventional forcible entry, to breach an outward-opening
In conventional forcible entry, to breach an outward-opening door
419
Through-the-lock forcible entry was pioneered by ___
Through-the-lock forcible entry was pioneered by ___
420
Often provides the fastest, least damaging, and sometimes th
Often provides the fastest, least damaging, and sometimes the only way in (forcible entry)
421
Through the lock entry is usually indicated by (3)
Through the lock entry is usually indicated by (3)
422
Most efficient way to remove lock cylinders
Most efficient way to remove lock cylinders
423
When the Halligan is inserted into the stirrup on the K-tool
When the Halligan is inserted into the stirrup on the K-tool, the force needs to be applied in what direction?
424
Simplest type of lock to conquer, mounted on the edge of the
Simplest type of lock to conquer, mounted on the edge of the door
425
How to open a rim lock
How to open a rim lock
426
Lock usually found on doors of apartments in high-crime area
Lock usually found on doors of apartments in high-crime areas. When you pull the cylinder you find a square shaft instead of a flat shaft. Found only on inward-opening doors
427
How to open/bypass a police lock
How to open/bypass a police lock
428
Lock that is recessed inside the door itself. FFs seem to h
Lock that is recessed inside the door itself. FF's seem to have the most difficulty with these locks because of unfamiliarity
429
How to open a mortise lock
How to open a mortise lock
430
The design of the mortise lock results in their greatest for
The design of the mortise lock results in their greatest force being in the ___ position, where most of the work will be done
431
Lock types that indicate the through the lock method be used
Lock types that indicate the through the lock method be used
432
For narrow stile doors (plate glass/aluminum) what should be
For narrow stile doors (plate glass/aluminum) what should be a last resort for entry
433
Methods for entry into narrow-stile doors
Methods for entry into narrow-stile doors
434
Lock that is readily identifiable from the outside by a rect
Lock that is readily identifiable from the outside by a rectangular steel plate in the center of the door that shields the lock cylinder
435
How to open fox lock
How to open fox lock
436
One indication when through the lock entry is not appropriat
One indication when through the lock entry is not appropriate
437
Most effective solution to date for forcible entry
Most effective solution to date for forcible entry
438
Advantages of hydraulic forcible entry
Advantages of hydraulic forcible entry
439
You shouldnt use hydraulic forcible entry tools when ___ is
You shouldn't use hydraulic forcible entry tools when ___ is a concern but speed is not. They are also not designed for ___
440
Hydraulic forcible entry tools work best on what kind of doo
Hydraulic forcible entry tools work best on what kind of doors?
441
One of the most difficult forcible entry challenges you coul
One of the most difficult forcible entry challenges you could ever encounter
442
Through the lock is ineffective against the ___ lock
Through the lock is ineffective against the ___ lock
443
First step when faced with a Mul-T-Lock door
First step when faced with a Mul-T-Lock door
444
If a Mul-T-Lock door is locked/engaged...3 choices
If a Mul-T-Lock door is locked/engaged...3 choices
445
___ and ___ gates are the most common and simplest to force.
___ and ___ gates are the most common and simplest to force. ___ gates pose difficulties and may have to be cut open
446
The method used to force manual and mechanical gates depends
The method used to force manual and mechanical gates depends on
447
Usually the key to forcing roll-up gates is a basic knowledg
Usually the key to forcing roll-up gates is a basic knowledge of
448
Low vs high security padlocks
Low vs high security padlocks
449
steel wedge tool connected to a padded handle for breaking p
steel wedge tool connected to a padded handle for breaking padlocks
450
Fastest means of forcing multiple locks (gates/roll-up doors
Fastest means of forcing multiple locks (gates/roll-up doors)
451
Generally, any locks above shoulder height are best cut with
Generally, any locks above shoulder height are best cut with (gates/roll-up doors)
452
Last resort for getting through a gate
Last resort for getting through a gate
453
The following two conditions usually indicate the need to cu
The following two conditions usually indicate the need to cut the door (gates/roll-up doors)
454
Two styles of cuts for roll-up doors
Two styles of cuts for roll-up doors
455
Forcing HUD windows from the interior
Forcing HUD windows from the interior
456
If attempting to remove HUD windows from the outside, always
If attempting to remove HUD windows from the outside, always work from
457
Major drawback of exothermic torch/burning bar
Major drawback of exothermic torch/burning bar
458
Locks that engage the jamb more than ___ or at multiple poin
Locks that engage the jamb more than ___ or at multiple points are great challenges to conventional forcible entry
459
The more experienced person should be the one on the ___, pl
The more experienced person should be the one on the ___, placing the tool in position, being in overall control of both tool, and directing the other person when to swing
460
Name
Question
461
The process of removing the toxic products of combustion and
The process of removing the toxic products of combustion and replacing them with fresh air
462
Two main reasons for performing ventilation
Two main reasons for performing ventilation
463
When distinguishing between venting for life and venting for
When distinguishing between venting for life and venting for fire, the key factor is
464
Primary ventilation tactic at most low-rise, nonfireproof mu
Primary ventilation tactic at most low-rise, nonfireproof multiple dwellings
465
Horizontal ventilation for a life hazard must be coupled wit
Horizontal ventilation for a life hazard must be coupled with
466
The most important concept to remember when discussing venti
The most important concept to remember when discussing ventilation
467
A good rule of thumb when deciding whether to manually open
A good rule of thumb when deciding whether to manually open a window or break glass to ventilate
468
___ is the most suitable type of ventilation for most fires
___ is the most suitable type of ventilation for most fires in houses and similar-size structures that have high window-to-room ratios
469
Generally, venting for fire should take place just as
Generally, venting for fire should take place just as
470
If radios arent available, the person creating the vent sho
If radios aren't available, the person creating the vent should wait until the sights and sounds of
471
What to do when venting and you encounter energy efficient w
What to do when venting and you encounter energy efficient windows?
472
Factors when trying to vent double-glazed windows
Factors when trying to vent double-glazed windows
473
After the placement of the initial attack hoseline and desig
After the placement of the initial attack hoseline and designation of an interior search team, the next most crucial position to be covered is
474
Best way to breach high security, impact resistant glazed wi
Best way to breach high security, impact resistant glazed windows
475
Horizontal ventilation is often faster and easier to perform
Horizontal ventilation is often faster and easier to perform than vertical ventilation because
476
Peaked roofs are usually much more easily vented by
Peaked roofs are usually much more easily vented by
477
Fires that will be greatly aided by vertical ventilation
Fires that will be greatly aided by vertical ventilation
478
Ventilation involving hoselines, portable fans, or building
Ventilation involving hoselines, portable fans, or building ventilation systems
479
One of the earliest and simplest means of mechanical ventila
One of the earliest and simplest means of mechanical ventilation. Least demanding in terms of personnel
480
When you shouldnt use a hose stream for ventilation (3)
When you shouldn't use a hose stream for ventilation (3)
481
PPV advantage over negative pressure ventilation
PPV advantage over negative pressure ventilation
482
PPV works best with minor to moderate fires where ___, rathe
PPV works best with minor to moderate fires where ___, rather than ___, is the greatest difficulty
483
Prime candidates for PPV
Prime candidates for PPV
484
Most serious drawback/disadvantages of PPV
Most serious drawback/disadvantages of PPV
485
PPV mustnt be used if ff are entering the building from any
PPV mustn't be used if ff are entering the building from any points other than
486
Basic tenet for an interior ffs search for a life hazard is
Basic tenet for an interior ff's search for a life hazard is to (ventilation)
487
The most common vertical artery in a multistory structure Se
The most common vertical artery in a multistory structure Second most common vertical artery (ventilation)
488
When breaking a skylight while other personnel may be ascend
When breaking a skylight while other personnel may be ascending the stairs
489
By feeling soil pipes (pipe chase) for heat, a member can es
By feeling soil pipes (pipe chase) for heat, a member can estimate whether or not fire is about to enter
490
For a serious fire within a buildings voids (often smoky be
For a serious fire within a building's voids (often smoky because oxygen limited)...poor visibility, difficulty locating and attacking. The answer is
491
Roof constructed of beams (2x10s, 3x12s, etc) with roof dec
Roof constructed of beams (2x10's, 3x12s, etc) with roof decking (1x6) directly attached. Generally covered with tar paper, tin and hot tar. Relatively safe to work on, even over heavy fire. Catastrophic failure not a concern
492
Warning sign for FFs on old-style roof
Warning sign for FF's on old-style roof
493
On a standard/old style roof, before the time-consuming oper
On a standard/old style roof, before the time-consuming operation of cutting a hole, first vent
494
Proper size hole for a fire in a large-area flat-roof struct
Proper size hole for a fire in a large-area flat-roof structure is
495
First step in making a (vertical) ventilation opening is to
First step in making a (vertical) ventilation opening is to
496
Two types of examination holes (vertical ventilation)
Two types of examination holes (vertical ventilation)
497
When cutting a flat roof, cut to vent as many ___ as possibl
When cutting a flat roof, cut to vent as many ___ as possible rather than extending the channel between existing joists
498
Having a ___ on the roof to control fire from spreading acro
Having a ___ on the roof to control fire from spreading across roof is highly recommended
499
Beware of roofs that have been weakened by
Beware of roofs that have been weakened by
500
Roof where the roof boards (deck) are raised above the joist
Roof where the roof boards (deck) are raised above the joists on a framework of 2x4's
