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Repro (LHW) > Oestrus > Flashcards

Oestrus Flashcards

1
Q

Which ovary do 60% of ruminant ovulations come from?

A

Right ovary

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2
Q

How many days post-partum is it to visible oestrus for dairy cows and beef cows? When does the silent ovulation occur?

A

Dairy cows - 25-45
Beef cows - 50-60
Both have silent ovulation at 10-14 days

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3
Q

Give examples of ways oestrus can be detected

A 
Tail chalk and mount detectors
Teaser animals
Chinballs
Record keeping
Milk progesterone
Pedometers
(AM/PM rule -serve 12 hours after signs)
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4
Q

What is the order of the oestrus cycle in cows?

A

Oestrus
Metoestrus
Dioestrus
Proestrus

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5
Q

Name 4 signs of oestrus in cattle

A 
Standing to be mounted
Flehmen response
Vulval swelling
Mucoid vaginal discharge
Holding milk
Restless
Mounting other cows
Vulva sniffing
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6
Q

What must happen after calving to succesfully establish a pregnancy?

A

Uterus involution
Restoration of endometrium (cotyledons no longer present 25d post-partum)
Resumption of ovarian cyclicity
Insemination, fertilisation and maintenance of pregnancy

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7
Q

Cystic ovarian disease can be follicular or luteal and symptoms can range from anoestrus to nymphomania. When does COD typically occur?

A

Lactation - <60 DIM

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8
Q

Give examples of what may be associated with cystic ovarian disease

A 
High production 
NEB, ketosis
Raised NEFAs
Twinning/peri-parturient problems
Genetic predisposition
XS BCS at drying off
Higher parity
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9
Q

Follicular cysts are fluid filled and thin walled. What diameter are they? How long is there duration?

A

> 2.5 cm

Duration >10 days

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10
Q

Follicular cysts arise from follicles that fail to ovulate. Give examples of what may cause a follicular cyst

A

Anything interfering with GnRH/LH
Negative energy balance
Mastitis or other illness
Lameness

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11
Q

As follicular cysts grow in size, what hormone do they produce in the first half of their life if they are previously exposed to progesterone from a CL?

A

Oestradiol

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12
Q

When are follicular cysts hormonally inactive?

A

If a CL > 2cm size is present on either ovary

Focus treatment on CL

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13
Q

How can persistent oestrus seen with follicular cysts lead to a not-seen bulling cow?

A

Persistent oestrus causes nymphomania

Leads to frustration and giving up

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14
Q

If you are unsure if a cyst is luteal or follicular, what should you do?

A

PRID

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15
Q

Luteal cysts are luteinised follicular cysts with thick walls and fluid filled lacunae. Luteal cysts produce which hormone?

A

Progesterone

prevent/maintain pregnancy

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16
Q

How can a mummified foetus be treated?

A

Prostaglandin or cull

Difficult to remove and poor prognosis

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17
Q

When are foetal membranes classed as retained in cattle?

A

12-24 hours post-parturition

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18
Q

What is RFM in cows linked to?

A

Obesity

Milk fever

19
Q

What are the sequelae of RFM?

A

Decreases milk yield

Causes uterine infections - may affect fertility

20
Q

What is subclinical endometritis?

A

WBCs in uterus when flushed with saline or cytobrush

21
Q

How is endometritis treated in cattle?

A

Prostaglandin

If fails, metricure

22
Q

How is metritis treated in cattle?

A

Systemic anitbodies
NSAIDs
+/- fluids and calcium

23
Q

What are the 3 main groups of oestrus synchronisation?

A

Prostaglandin based
Progesterone based
GnRH based

24
Q

Which method of synchronise does not work effectively in heifers?

A 
GnRH based (Ovsynch)
(Fixed time AI)
25
Q

How is prostaglandin given to manipulate oestrus?

A

2 injections 11 days apart

Come into oestrus 3-8 days later

26
Q

What is the Ovsynch/GnRH oestrus synchronisation protocol?

A

Day 0 - GnRH
Day 7 - prostaglandin
Day 9 - GnRH
Day 10/11 - AI

27
Q

Which synchronisation method has poor results with fixed time AI?

A

PRID/progesterone based

28
Q

How is progesterone given to manipulate oestrus?

A

Insert PRID
Remove after 7 days and administer prostaglandin
Will come into oestrus 1-5 days later

29
Q

What can be used to abort a pregnancy in the first 100 days?

A

Prostaglandin

Works up to 150

30
Q

When should post-partum vaginal/rectal checks be performed?

A

3-4 weeks post-calving

31
Q

What is lochial discharge?

A

Normal discharge after calving

May be confused for endometritis - hence waiting 3-4 weeks for post-partum check

32
Q

How many days after pregnancy do dairy cows start cycling again? When is a cow classed as not-cycling?

A

25-30 days

If 45+ days, prolonged anoestrus

33
Q

You are doing a routine PD visit and a cow has one large dominant follicle and no CL. What stage of the oestrus cycle is she in?

A

Oestrus

Ready to serve (can give GnRH to prevent coming cystic)

34
Q

When can prostaglandin be used to induce abortion?

A

Day 6-150

steroids after this

35
Q

Where is progesterone made? Where is prostaglandin made?

A

Progesterone - CL

Prostaglandin - endometrium

36
Q

What is the voluntary waiting period in cattle?

A

50 days

37
Q

What happens if you give a cow with a CL prostaglandin?

A

Ovulate 2-5 days later

38
Q

A cow has a CL >2cm, what stage is she in?

A

Dioestrus

39
Q

If a cow has a CL <2cm, what stages could she be in and how would you tell them apart?

A

Proestrus - large follicles

Metoestrus - if blood on vaginal exam

40
Q

If the CL is less than 2cm, what can you do?

A

Give GnRH if problem cow

Otherwise wait until oestrus

41
Q

How long do pregnant cows have a CL for?

A

Entire pregnancy

42
Q

A cow has a CL >2cm and you decide she is in dioestrus. What can you give her to cause ovulation and when does this occur?

A

Give prostaglandin

Ovulate 2-5 days later

43
Q

What drug can be given to induce parturition of sows with a known service date?

A

Deep IM Prostaglandin

44
Q

When can progesterone sponges be used in sheep to synchronise oestrus?

A

If already cycling

E.g. if running with teaser ram

Repro (LHW) (9 decks)

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