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Repro (LHW) > Abortion in sheep > Flashcards

Abortion in sheep Flashcards

1
Q

What is the average gestation of a sheep?

A

147 days

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2
Q

What is the average lambing survival % of hill, upland and lowland sheep?

A

Hill - 100%
Upland - 150%
Lowland - 170%

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3
Q

What should the ratio of ewe: ram be?

A

30:1

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4
Q

What causes Enzootic Abortion of the Ewe (EAE)?

A 
Chlamydophila abortus
(Gram -ve cocci)
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5
Q

How is Chlamydophila abortus spread?

A

Orally or near lambing time

Aborting ewes main source - carrier ewes less commn

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6
Q

What happens if a ewe is exposed to Chlamydophila abortus (EAE) and she has already lambed?

A

Asymptomatic infection
Latent in repro tract
Activates and causes abortion at next lambing season

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7
Q

What happens if a ewe is exposed to Chlamydophila abortus (EAE) when she is <90 days pregnant?

A

May abort, OR become latently infected (abortion at next lambing season)

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8
Q

What happens if a ewe is exposed to Chlamydophila abortus (EAE) when she is >90 days pregnant?

A

May abort

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9
Q

How does an outbreak of Chlamydophila in a flock affect that years lambing abortions and the following years?

A

That year - low levels of abortion
Following year - high levels >30%
Endemically infected flocks 5-10%

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10
Q

When do ewes tend to about with Chlamydophila abortus (EAE)?

A

> 90 days

Usually last month

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11
Q

Do ewes themselves get ill from Chlamydophila abortus (EAE)?

A

Rarely - may get metritis which can be fatal

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12
Q

How is Chlamydophila abortus diagnosed?

A

PCR
Serology of ewe
PME - necrotic placentitis

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13
Q

How can an outbreak of Chlamydophila be controlled?

A

Burn all abortion material and bedding, clean and disinfect pens, isolate aborted ewes
Treat remainder of flock with vaccine (non-pregnant), or pregnant ewes >90d with oxytetracycline (repeat in 2 weeks)
Vaccinate all ewes following year pre-tupping

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14
Q

How can Chlamydophila abortus be prevented?

A

Vaccination (doesn’t prevent if already latent infection - will still abort next year)
Biosecurity - breed own replacements, don’t buy in

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15
Q

What species are the definitive and intermediate hosts for Toxoplasma gondii?

A

Definitive: cats
Intermediate: sheep

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16
Q

Toxoplasma is zoonotic. How can people get Toxoplasma?

A

Undercooked meat
Raw sheep milk
Cat faeces
Lambing with skin wounds

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17
Q

If a ewe is infected with toxoplasma and she is not pregnant, what happens?

A

Few clinical signs

Becomes immune

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18
Q

If a ewe is infected with toxoplasma in early pregnancy, what happens?

A

Foetal resorption - presents as barren ewe

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19
Q

If a ewe is infected with toxoplasma and she is in mid pregnancy, what may happen?

A

Foetal death, retardation or mummification

20
Q

If a ewe is infected with toxoplasma and she is infected in late pregnancy, what may happen?

A

Aborts freshly dead lambs
Or weak lambs with high mortality rate
Or live and immune lambs

21
Q

When do ewes develop immunity to Toxoplasma?

A

If infected whilst not pregnant (already given birth)

Aborted ewes become immune

22
Q

How is Toxoplasma diagnosed?

A

Serology - Toxoplasma antigen in placenta
PCR or serology
‘Frosted strawberry cotyledons on PME’

23
Q

How can Toxoplasma be prevented?

A

Control cat and rodent population, secure feed stores

Vaccinate with toxovax weeks prior to tupping (not to be used in pregnant ewes)

24
Q

Salmonella abortus ovis causes abortion in which trimester of pregnancy?

A

Last trimester

followed by metritis

25
Q

What antibiotic is used to treat Salmonella abortus ovis?

A

Oxytetracycline - repeat after 7-10 days

26
Q

Give examples of the sources of Campylobacter

A 
Carrier sheep
Contaminated feed/water
Aborted material 
Birds
(Very contagious - can cause abortion storms)
27
Q

When does Campylobacter abortion occur? Does it always cause abortion?

A

Last 6 weeks of pregnancy

No- can cause weak born lambs

28
Q

Is there a vaccine for Campylobacter?

A

No

29
Q

Is Campylobacter zoonotic?

A

Yes

30
Q

What type of virus causes BVD and how is it introduced into the flock?

A

Pestivirus

PI animals - introduce and maintain BV

31
Q

What happens if a non-pregnant ewe is infected with Border disease?

A

No clinical signs

Immune

32
Q

What happens if a ewe is infected with Border disease <60 days pregnant?

A

50% foetal death or absorption

33
Q

What happens if a ewe is infected with border disease 60-85 days pregant?

A

Foetal, death or abortion
OR hairy shaker (weak) lambs
OR PI lambs

34
Q

What happens if a ewe is infected with border disease 85+ days pregnant?

A

Lamb and ewe immune

35
Q

How is Border disease controlled if in the flock?

A

Do not breed from entire lamb crop

Test whole flock for PI and cull

36
Q

How can Border disease be prevented?

A

Closed herd

Test buy in sheep for PI

37
Q

Listeria monocytogenes causes encephalitis, septicaemia and abortion. How long after feeding contaminated or mouldy sheep do they abort?

A

1-2 weeks after feeding

38
Q

What is the treatment for Listeria monocytogenes?

A

Remove contaminated feet

Antibiotics for all in contact - penicillin, oxytetracycline

39
Q

What pathogen causes tickborne fever?

A

Anaplasma phagocytophilia

Affects WBCs

40
Q

How is tickborne fever prevented?

A

Avoid introducing naive sheep when pregnant or at tupping time
Treat sheep with pyrethroid pour on before entering tick areas

41
Q

How is Coxiella burnetti (Q-fever) controlled?

A

Isolate infected animals
Burn contaminated material
Oxytetracycline
Pasteurise milk

42
Q

Sheep and cows with Schmallenberg may have no clinical signs or increased barren ewe rate. A foetus can only be infected between how many days pregnancy?

A

26-56

43
Q

How is Schmallenberg spread?

A 
Culicoides midges
(delay breeding until midge season over)
44
Q

Can Schmallenberg lambs be born alive?

A

Yes - may be ‘dummy’

Blind, wobbly, unable to suck, fitting

45
Q

How are lambs tested for Border disease on PME?

A

PCR of spleen

46
Q

How are lambs tested fro Schmallenberg on PME?

A

PCR of brain

Repro (LHW) (9 decks)

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