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JL Gastrointestinal > Oesophago-gastric Cancer > Flashcards

Oesophago-gastric Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of oesophageal cancer?

A

adenocarcinoma

squamous cell carcinom

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2
Q

What are the three types of gastric cancer?

A
  1. Adenocarcinome
  2. Lymphoma
  3. GISTs
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3
Q

What causes adenocarcinomas in oesophageal cancer?

A

Reflux disease - Barrett’s

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4
Q

What causes squamous cell oesophageal carcinoma?

A

Smoking and alcohol

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5
Q

What is the main cause of gastric adenocarcinomas?

A

H. pylori

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6
Q

What are two paraneoplastic syndromes of oesophageal cancer?

A
  1. hypercalcaemia

2. Inappropriate hormone production

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7
Q

What are dysphagia, odynophagia, haematemesis, regurgitation, dysphonia and weight loss all symptoms of?

A

Oesophageal cancer

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8
Q

What is abdnominal pain, emesis, anorexia, dysphagia, early satiety and upper GI haemorrhage all symptoms of?

A

Gastric cancer

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9
Q

What is used to investigation oesophageal cancer and gastric cancer?

A

Upper GI endoscopy and biopsy

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10
Q

What three imaging studies can be sued for oesophageal cancer?

A
  1. Barium meal
  2. CT (MRI) scan of chest and abdomen
  3. Bronchoscopy
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11
Q

What are these alarm features of: >55 years of age, dysphagia, evidence of GI blood loss, persistent vomiting, unexplained weight loss, upper abdominal mass and anaemia?

A

Gastric cancer

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12
Q

What is the only way to cure oesophageal cancer?

A

Surgery

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13
Q

What two stages of oesophageal cancer cannot have surgery?

A

T4 and M1

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14
Q

What are 3 contraindications to oesophageal cancer surgery?

A
  1. Direct invasion of adjacent structures
  2. Fixed cervical lymph nodes
  3. Widespread metastases
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15
Q

What are three other forms of oesophageal cancer treatment other than surgery?

A
  1. Radiotherapy
  2. Intubation/stents
  3. Canalisation: dilatation, laser, diathermy, alcohol, PDT
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16
Q

What treatment is available for proximal lesion gastric cancer?

A

Total gastroectomy

17
Q

What treatment is available for distal gastric cancer lesions?

A

Partial gastrectomy

18
Q

What is one adverse prognostic factor for gastric cancer?

A

Superficial gross appearance (linitis plastica)

JL Gastrointestinal (33 decks)

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