Buzzwords

Question 0

Bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus)

Answer 0

Achalasia; if in lower GI imaging - is a sign of bowel obstruction

Question 1

Gingivial hypertrophy

Answer 1

Gingivectomy/biting on own gums - side effect of calcium channel blockers or phenytoin

Question 2

Grey Turner’s (lumbar redness) and Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness) positive

Answer 2

Acute pancreatitis

Question 3

Mnemonic for causes of acute pancreatitis: GET SMASHED

Answer 3

Gall stones
Ethanol
Trauma
Steroids
Mumps
Autoimmune
Scorpion bites/stings
Hyperlipidaemia/hyperthermia/hypercalcaemia
ERCP
Drugs

Question 4

Murphey’s sign positive

Answer 4

Cholecystitis

Question 5

Pale stools, jaundice, abdominal pain

Answer 5

Biliary obstruction

Question 6

Abdominal distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness

Answer 6

Portal hypertension + ascites

Question 7

Pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum

Answer 7

Crohn’s/Ulcerative Colitis

Question 8

Tinkling bowel sounds

Answer 8

Bowel obstruction

Question 9

Vesicular rash + weight loss

Answer 9

Coeliac disease

Question 10

Virchow’s node (left supra-clavicular)

Answer 10

Gastric cancer

Question 11

Urea breath test (C13)

Answer 11

H.pylori

Question 12

C14 breath test

Answer 12

Bacterial overgrowth

Question 13

Rice-water like stools

Answer 13

Vibrio cholera

Question 14

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

Answer 14

Presence of AMA (anti mitochondrial antibodies)

Question 15

Autoimmune hepatitis

Answer 15

Presence of ASMA (anti smooth muscle antibodies)

Question 16

Alpha Feto Protein assay

Answer 16

Hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)

Question 17

Cobblestone mucosa; indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa

Answer 17

Found in Crohn’s disease

Question 18

Diuretic for ascites (due to cirrhosis)

Answer 18

Spironolactone

Question 19

Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow

Answer 19

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

Question 20

Severe abdominal pain + D&V (diarrhoea and vomiting) after raw milk

Answer 20

Campylobacter

Question 21

Russell’s sign

Answer 21

Self-induced vomiting

Question 22

Mallory’s hyaline bodies

Answer 22

Alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis

Question 23

Crypt abscess/cryptitis

Answer 23

Inflammatory Bowel CROHN’S

Question 24

Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts

Answer 24

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

Question 25

Signet Ring cells seen on biopsy

Answer 25

Linitis plastica - diffuse stomach cancer

Question 26

Thumb-printing on x-ray commonly at splenic flexure

Answer 26

Ischaemic colitis

Question 27

Charcot's triad

Answer 27

Acute cholangitis i.e. fever, jaundice, and abdominal pain secondary to cholelithiasis

Question 28

Causes for abdominal mass: A CHEMICAL

Answer 28

``` AAA Crohn's Hernia Enlarged organ Malignancy Intersusception Cyst or abcess Appendicitis Lymphadenopathy ```

Question 29

Causes for bowel obstruction: BATH VIPS

Answer 29

``` Bolus Adhesions Tumour Hernia Volvulus Intersussception Pseudo-obstruction Stricture ```

Question 30

Swinging fever

Answer 30

Abscess

Question 31

Causes of liver disease: ABCDEFGHI

Answer 31

``` Autoimmune Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Drugs e.g. paracetamol Ethanol Fatty liver disease (NASH ~ obesity) Growth (cancer/metastases) Haemodynamic e.g. congestive heart failure Infiltration [iron] e.g. haemochromatosis, Wilson's disease or Infective ```

Question 32

To remember AST is increased in alcoholic liver disease

Answer 32

wASTed or AST: Alcohol gets you STeaming

Question 33

What is more specific to the liver: AST or ALT

Answer 33

ALT is more specific to the Liver than AST

Question 34

Causes of abdominal distension - 5 or 6 F's

Answer 34

``` Fat Foetus Flatus Faeces Fluid Fucking massive tumour (especially in OSCE's) ```

Question 35

Antibiotic for Staph aureus

Answer 35

Flucloxacillin

Question 36

Antibiotic for resistant Staph (MRSA)

Answer 36

Vancomycin or Teicoplanin

Question 37

Antibiotic for Nosocomial pneumonia (severe)

Answer 37

IV amoxicillin + metronidazole + gentamicin

Question 38

Antibiotic for nosocomial pneumonia (mild)

Answer 38

Amoxicillin + metronidazole

Question 39

Antibiotic for CAP (CURB 0-2)

Answer 39

Amoxicillin (if penicillin allergic use deoxycycline)

Question 40

Antibiotic for CAP (3 or more)

Answer 40

IV co-amoxiclav + IC clarithromycin

Question 41

Antibiotic for intra-abdominal sepsis

Answer 41

IV amoxicillin + metronidazole + gentamicin

Question 42

Antibiotic for recurrent/relapse of C. difficile

Answer 42

Fidaxomicin

Question 43

Antibiotic for C. difficile (mild)

Answer 43

Metronidazole

Question 44

Antibiotic for C.diff (severe)

Answer 44

ORAL vancomycin (only time you ever use oral vancomycin)

Question 45

Antibiotics for TB

Answer 45

Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Isoniazid - give all 4 for 2 months then Rifampicin and Isoniazid for a further 4 months Side effects are orange tears, hepatifc and renal toxicity RICE-4-RI-2

Question 46

Antibiotics for pneumocystis carinii (HIV patients getting pneumonia)

Answer 46

Co-trimoxazole

Question 47

Antibiotic for Acute exacerbation of COPD

Answer 47

1st line - amoxicillin | 2nd line - Deoxycycline

Question 48

Antibiotic for legionnaire's disease

Answer 48

Erythromycin or clarithromycin

Question 49

Antibiotic for epiglottitis (H. influenzae)

Answer 49

Ceftriaxone

Question 50

Antibiotic for Amoebiasis

Answer 50

Metronidazole

Question 51

Antibiotic for Giardiasis

Answer 51

Metronidazole

Question 52

Antibodies found in autoimmune hepatitis

Answer 52

ANA, AMA (anti mitochondrial) ASMA (anti-smooth muscle antibody)

Question 53

The treatment for Ulcerative Colitis - My Ass Is Sore?

Answer 53

Mesalazine (5ASA) Anti-TNFalpha Immunosuppressants Steroids