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JL Gastrointestinal > Buzzwords > Flashcards

Buzzwords Flashcards

0
Q

Bird beak appearance (and distended oesophagus)

A

Achalasia; if in lower GI imaging - is a sign of bowel obstruction

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1
Q

Gingivial hypertrophy

A

Gingivectomy/biting on own gums - side effect of calcium channel blockers or phenytoin

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2
Q

Grey Turner’s (lumbar redness) and Cullen’s sign (umbilical redness) positive

A

Acute pancreatitis

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3
Q

Mnemonic for causes of acute pancreatitis: GET SMASHED

A 
Gall stones
Ethanol
Trauma
Steroids
Mumps
Autoimmune
Scorpion bites/stings
Hyperlipidaemia/hyperthermia/hypercalcaemia
ERCP
Drugs
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4
Q

Murphey’s sign positive

A

Cholecystitis

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5
Q

Pale stools, jaundice, abdominal pain

A

Biliary obstruction

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6
Q

Abdominal distension, caput medusae, shifting dullness

A

Portal hypertension + ascites

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7
Q

Pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum

A

Crohn’s/Ulcerative Colitis

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8
Q

Tinkling bowel sounds

A

Bowel obstruction

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9
Q

Vesicular rash + weight loss

A

Coeliac disease

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10
Q

Virchow’s node (left supra-clavicular)

A

Gastric cancer

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11
Q

Urea breath test (C13)

A

H.pylori

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12
Q

C14 breath test

A

Bacterial overgrowth

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13
Q

Rice-water like stools

A

Vibrio cholera

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14
Q

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

A

Presence of AMA (anti mitochondrial antibodies)

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15
Q

Autoimmune hepatitis

A

Presence of ASMA (anti smooth muscle antibodies)

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16
Q

Alpha Feto Protein assay

A

Hepatocellular carcinoma (or teratoma)

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17
Q

Cobblestone mucosa; indicating deep fissuring ulceration of mucosa

A

Found in Crohn’s disease

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18
Q

Diuretic for ascites (due to cirrhosis)

A

Spironolactone

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19
Q

Corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow

A

Diffuse oesophageal spasm

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20
Q

Severe abdominal pain + D&V (diarrhoea and vomiting) after raw milk

A

Campylobacter

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21
Q

Russell’s sign

A

Self-induced vomiting

22
Q

Mallory’s hyaline bodies

A

Alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis

23
Q

Crypt abscess/cryptitis

A

Inflammatory Bowel CROHN’S

24
Q

Onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts

A

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

25
Q

Signet Ring cells seen on biopsy

A

Linitis plastica - diffuse stomach cancer

26
Q

Thumb-printing on x-ray commonly at splenic flexure

A

Ischaemic colitis

27
Q

Charcot’s triad

A

Acute cholangitis i.e. fever, jaundice, and abdominal pain secondary to cholelithiasis

28
Q

Causes for abdominal mass: A CHEMICAL

A 
AAA
Crohn's 
Hernia
Enlarged organ
Malignancy
Intersusception
Cyst or abcess
Appendicitis
Lymphadenopathy
29
Q

Causes for bowel obstruction: BATH VIPS

A 
Bolus
Adhesions
Tumour
Hernia
Volvulus
Intersussception
Pseudo-obstruction
Stricture
30
Q

Swinging fever

A

Abscess

31
Q

Causes of liver disease: ABCDEFGHI

A 
Autoimmune
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Drugs e.g. paracetamol
Ethanol
Fatty liver disease (NASH ~ obesity)
Growth (cancer/metastases)
Haemodynamic e.g. congestive heart failure
Infiltration [iron] e.g. haemochromatosis, Wilson's disease or Infective
32
Q

To remember AST is increased in alcoholic liver disease

A

wASTed

or

AST: Alcohol gets you STeaming

33
Q

What is more specific to the liver:

AST or ALT

A

ALT is more specific to the Liver than AST

34
Q

Causes of abdominal distension - 5 or 6 F’s

A 
Fat
Foetus
Flatus
Faeces
Fluid
Fucking massive tumour (especially in OSCE's)
35
Q

Antibiotic for Staph aureus

A

Flucloxacillin

36
Q

Antibiotic for resistant Staph (MRSA)

A

Vancomycin or Teicoplanin

37
Q

Antibiotic for Nosocomial pneumonia (severe)

A

IV amoxicillin + metronidazole + gentamicin

38
Q

Antibiotic for nosocomial pneumonia (mild)

A

Amoxicillin + metronidazole

39
Q

Antibiotic for CAP (CURB 0-2)

A

Amoxicillin (if penicillin allergic use deoxycycline)

40
Q

Antibiotic for CAP (3 or more)

A

IV co-amoxiclav + IC clarithromycin

41
Q

Antibiotic for intra-abdominal sepsis

A

IV amoxicillin + metronidazole + gentamicin

42
Q

Antibiotic for recurrent/relapse of C. difficile

A

Fidaxomicin

43
Q

Antibiotic for C. difficile (mild)

A

Metronidazole

44
Q

Antibiotic for C.diff (severe)

A

ORAL vancomycin (only time you ever use oral vancomycin)

45
Q

Antibiotics for TB

A

Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, Isoniazid - give all 4 for 2 months then Rifampicin and Isoniazid for a further 4 months

Side effects are orange tears, hepatifc and renal toxicity

RICE-4-RI-2

46
Q

Antibiotics for pneumocystis carinii (HIV patients getting pneumonia)

A

Co-trimoxazole

47
Q

Antibiotic for Acute exacerbation of COPD

A

1st line - amoxicillin

2nd line - Deoxycycline

48
Q

Antibiotic for legionnaire’s disease

A

Erythromycin or clarithromycin

49
Q

Antibiotic for epiglottitis (H. influenzae)

A

Ceftriaxone

50
Q

Antibiotic for Amoebiasis

A

Metronidazole

51
Q

Antibiotic for Giardiasis

A

Metronidazole

52
Q

Antibodies found in autoimmune hepatitis

A

ANA, AMA (anti mitochondrial) ASMA (anti-smooth muscle antibody)

53
Q

The treatment for Ulcerative Colitis - My Ass Is Sore?

A

Mesalazine (5ASA)
Anti-TNFalpha
Immunosuppressants
Steroids

JL Gastrointestinal (33 decks)

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