Oesophageal pathology

Question 1

Most common oesophageal cancer=

caused by ___

Answer 1

adenocarcinoma

reflux->Barrett’s

Question 2

Types of malignant oesophageal cancers (2)

Answer 2

adenocarcinoma

squamous cell carcinoma

Question 3

red flags for oesophageal cancer

Answer 3

dysphagia (bolus sensation)
odynophagia
upper GI bleed
anaemia
wt. loss

Question 4

Palliative options for oeso ca

Answer 4

chemo, radio (preserves swallow) stent

Question 5

Potentially curative options for oeso ca

Answer 5

surgery (better cure rates)

chemoradiotherapy (less complications)

Question 6

Stage oeso ca by

Answer 6

CT PET, EUS and laparoscopy

CT doesnt show if has spread to peritoneum

Question 7

Acute oesophagitis is rare/common

caused by

Answer 7

rare
chemical ingestion
immunocompromised infection eg. CMV, herpes, candida

Question 8

Chronic oesophagitis is caused by +

Answer 8

Reflux (common)

Crohn’s (rare)

Question 9

Barrett’s is either due to ___ of gastric glandular epithelium or ___ of oesophageal stem cells

Answer 9

expansion

differentiation

Question 10

In reflux as a cause of chronic oesophagitis=

basal cell endothelial ___ w intraepithelial ++_ and elongation of ____

Answer 10

expansion
neutro, lymphocytes ad eosino
connective tissue papillae

Question 11

Allergic oesophagitis is ___ inflammation in ___ individuals who are young/old

Answer 11

eosinophilic, in atopics, young

Question 12

Diagnosis of allergic oesophagitis is by :

Answer 12

pH probe -ve for reflux
eosinophilia in blood
corrugated horizontal oesophagus on endoscopy

Question 13

treatment for allergic oesophagitis

Answer 13

steroids, cromoglicate, montelukast

Question 14

Benign oesophageal tumours =

Answer 14

squamous papilloma - HPV related and asymptomatic

Question 15

Oeso squamous ca is linked to

Answer 15

Vit A/zinc deficiency, strong tea, alcohol, smoking, HPV, oesophagitis

Question 16

Oeso squamous cell ca produces

Answer 16

keratin perals