Gastric Pathology Flashcards
Types of gastric ca
adenocarcinoma (most common and due to H. pylori and envnt factors)
lymphoma
GISTs (muscle, stromal)
Red flags for gastric ca
dyspepsia upper GI bleed wt. loss abdo mass anorexia/early satiety vomiting
Stage stomach cancer by
CT, laparoscopy
palliative options for gastric ca=
radio or chemo
potentially curative ootions for gastric ca=
surgery with chemo before or after
too big for radio
Causes of acute gastritis
irritant chemical injury - severe burns, shock, trauma, head injury (stress)
Causes of chronic gastritis = (3)
AI
bacterial
chemical
AI gastritis is due to _+_ antibodies which cause _+_ in body of stomach => \_\_\_\_ anaemia due to \_\_ deficiency increased risk of \_\_\_ get neutro.s with \_\_\_\_
anti-parietal and anti-intrinsic atrophy and intestinal metaplasia pernicious/macrocytic ; B12 malignancy too many lobes
Bacterial gastritis is caused by ___ which has a ___ shape
inhabits between the __+_ in the stomach
If not cleared +++ build up
___ is crucial
H. pylori curvilinear epithelium and mucus layer lymphocytes, neutro.s, plasma cells which produce anti-H.pylori Ig IL-8
Chronic chemical gastritis is caused by //_
injures mucus layer causing ___+ ___+ lots of ___ are congested and look red
surface is ___
NSAIDs/alcohol/bile reflux (weak pyloric sphincter
hyperplasia and little/no inflam ; capillaries
not smooth
The 3 layers of a peptic ulcer top to bottom:
necrotic fibrinopurulent debris
inflamed granulation tissue
fibrotic scar tissue
Benign gastric tumours =
hyperplastic or cystic fundic gland polyps
H. pylori increase risk of adenocarcinoma by causing chronic ___ which leads to ____/___
gastritis
intestinal metaplasia in the stomach/atrophy
Pre-malignancies for gastric adenocarcinoma
H. pylori infection pernicious anaemia partial gastrectomy Lynch syndrome/HNPCC Menetrier's disease
Two subtypes of gastric adenocarcinoma =
intestinal type (localised so = better prognosis) diffuse type
