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Year 1 MBChB Gastrointestinal > Oesophageal Disease > Flashcards

Oesophageal Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What does ALARMS stand for?

A 
Anaemia
Lost weight
Anorexia
Recent
Melena
Swallowing problem
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2
Q

3 causes of acid reflux?

A

Weak LOS
Hiatus hernia
Pregnancy

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3
Q

Causes of acute vs chronic oesophagitis + which one is more common?

A 
Acute = chemical ingestion
Chronic = reflux/GORD or allergic (more common)
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4
Q

Appearance of allergic oesophagitis and 2 options for treatment?

A

Spotty/corrugated

Steroid or dilation

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5
Q

WBC associated with acid abuse?

A

Eosinophils

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6
Q

Chronic reflux oesophagitis/GORD symptoms?

A

Excessive saliva
Heart burn
Cough
Dysphagia

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7
Q

Chronic reflux oesophagitis/GORD tests (+ finding)?

A 
Endoscope
pH study
Barium swallow (corkscrew contraction)
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8
Q

Symptom relief + healing medication for GORD + when is surgery needed?

A

Antacid/H2 antagonist
PPI
PPIs not working and LOS very damaged

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9
Q

3 complications of GORD?

A

Ulcers/bleeding
Strictures
Barret’s

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10
Q

What is Barrett’s + appearance + location?

A

Stratified squamous metaplasia to columnar
Red velvet mucosa
Lower oesophagus

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11
Q

Treatment for Barrett’s + monitoring and treatment for dysplasia?

A

PPI
Annual endoscope
EMR or ablation

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12
Q

Barrett’s is a major risk factor for?

A

Oesophageal carcinoma

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13
Q

2 types of oesophageal cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

Squamous cell carcinoma

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14
Q

Where does oesophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma present + associated factors?

A 
Adenocarcinoma = lower 1/3rd and Barrett's
SSC = upper 2/3rd and smoking
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15
Q

Oesophageal carcinoma is more common males or females?

A

Males

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16
Q

3 test for oesophageal cancer + 50% are treated by?

A

Endoscopy
Barium meal
CT scan +
Sugery

17
Q

What is a Mallory Weiss tear and what causes it?

A

Tear in lower oesophagus and strong vomiting or coughing

18
Q

Describe a sliding hiatus hernia?

A

GO junction slides into chest

19
Q

Describe a rolling hiatus hernia?

A

Stomach slides into chest (normal GO junction)

20
Q

Test and treatment for a hiatus hernia?

A

Barium swallow

Weight loss and PPI

21
Q

Obese women > 50 are at risk of a hiatus hernia. True or false?

A

True

22
Q

What are oesophageal varices caused by?

A

Portal hypertension

23
Q

Drug + surgical treatment options for oesophageal varices?

A

Beta-blockers

Ligation or TIPS

24
Q

Cause of achalasia?

A

Damaged myenteric plexus means stiff LOS

25
Q

Test and result + 2 surgical options for achalasia?

A

Barium swallow with Bird beak sign

Balloon dilation or Heller’s cardiomyotomy

26
Q

What percent of people with GORD will go on to get Barrett’s?

A

3-5%

Year 1 MBChB Gastrointestinal (15 decks)

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