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Year 1 MBChB Gastrointestinal > Colonic Disease > Flashcards

Colonic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is volvulus + test + 2 options for treatment?

A

Twisting of the bowel along mesentery
Supine AXR
Flatus tube or resection

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2
Q

Tinkling bowel sounds?

A

Bowel obstruction

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3
Q

Sudden vomiting with large amounts?

A

Upper GI obstruction

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4
Q

Colicky pain with feculent vomiting?

A

Lower GI obstruction

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5
Q

2 tests + treatment for bowel obstruction?

A

Supine AXR and CT
Fluids and bowel rest
Nasogastric tube

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6
Q

Difference between bowel obstruction and ischaemia?

A

Ischaemia relates to the blood supply and obstruction is within the lumen

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7
Q

Name some causes of bowel obstruction?

A

Bolus
Tumour
Structure

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8
Q

What is intusseption?

A

Part of the intestine pushes into another causing obstruction

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9
Q

Common cause of intusseption in children?

A

Rotavirus causes lymphoid hyperplasia and ileum pushes into caecum

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10
Q

Current jelly stool and bullseye appearance on ultrasound?

A

Intusseption

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11
Q

2 causes of bowel ischaemia?

A

Atherosclerosis

Embolism from AF

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12
Q

Complications of bowel ischaemia?

A

Fibrosis
Perforation
Sepsis

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13
Q

What is ischaemic colitis + where does it affect the most?

A

Ischaemia driven inflammation

Sigmoid colon

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14
Q

2 tests for ischaemic colitis (+ gold standard) + findings?

A

AXR = LUQ thumbprint sign

Colonoscopy + biopsy (gold standard) = withered crypts and smudy pink lamina fibrosa

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15
Q

What is Meckel’s Diverticulum + histological finding + test?

A

Incomplete correction of the vitello-intestinal duct
Gastric/pancreatic tissue
Technicium 99 M scan

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16
Q

Rule of 2 for Meckel’s diverticulum?

A

2 % of the population
2 inches long
2 feet of the ileocaecal valve
Up to 2 years

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17
Q

3 risk factors for diverticular disease?

A

Low fibre diet
Constipation
Increased age

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18
Q

Where is the most common place for diverticular pouches?

A

Sigmoid colon

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19
Q

2 tests for diverticular disease?

A

Barium enema

Sigmoidoscopy

20
Q

Symptoms of diverticulitis what can it mimic and why?

A

Fever
Leukocytosis
Can mimic appendicitis due to LIF pain

21
Q

Gold standard test for diverticulitis?

A

CT scan

22
Q

Treatment for uncomplicated diverticulitis/ flare up of diverticular disease?

A

IV fluids

Antibiotics

23
Q

Hinchey I-IV classification of diverticulitis?

A 
I = para colic abscess
II = pelvic abscess
III = purulent peritonitis
IV = faecal peritonitis
24
Q

Key surgery for diverticulitis + what it is?

A

Hartmann’s procedure

Removing rectosigmoid

25
Q

2 complications of diverticulitis?

A

Perforation

Fistula

26
Q

3 types of small bowel tumours?

A

Lymphomas
Carcinomas
Carcinoid tumours

27
Q

T-cell lymphomas are associated with?

A

Coeliac disease

28
Q

Carcinoid tumours spread to the …. and cause flushing and diarrhoea by releasing …?

A

Liver

5-HT/seratonin

29
Q

Small intestine carcinomas are associated with?

A

Crohn’s and colitis

30
Q

2 coeliac genes?

A

HLA-DQ2 and DQ8

31
Q

Child with vesicular rash and weight loss?

A

Coeliac disease

32
Q

2 antibodies tested in coeliac?

A

Anti-transglutaminase

Anti-gliadin

33
Q

WBC involved in coeliac + histological sign?

A

CD4+

Villous atrophy

34
Q

Treatment for coeliac disease?

A

Gluten-free diet

35
Q

Test and treatment for lactose intolerance?

A

Hydrogen breath test

Lactose-free diet

36
Q

Do adenomas need removed + why?

A

Yes

They are dysplastic and can progress to malignant

37
Q

Gold standard test for suspected colorectal cancer?

A

Colonoscopy and biopsy

38
Q

Mutation of HNPCC vs FAP?

A

MMR proteins

APC

39
Q

Site, number of polyps and age affected by HNPCC vs FAP?

A 
HNPCC = older, right colon and < 100
FAP = younger, throughout colon and > 100
40
Q

Colorectal adenocarcinoma site and appearance on AXR?

A

Left side

Apple core

41
Q

Duke’s ABCD staging?

A 
A = submucosa
B = muscularis externa
C = lymph node involvement
D = distant mets
42
Q

Drug used as adjuvant for Duke’s stage C?

A

5-flurouracil

43
Q

What is colonic angiodysplasia and where do they affect?

A

Malformed blood vessels that bleed

Right side of the colon

44
Q

Test coeliac disease patients for what disease?

A

Type II diabetes

45
Q

Treatment for paralytic ileus?

A

Drip and suck

Year 1 MBChB Gastrointestinal (15 decks)

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