Ocular trauma Flashcards
What are the three types of trauma that can occur to the eye/orbit?
Blunt force
Penetrating
Burns
What kind of damage can blunt force trauma cause to the eye?
Blowout fracture Scleral reddening Hyphaema Lens dislocation Retinal detatchment
What happens in a blowout fracture?
Increase pressure forces weakest part of orbit to break. Generally ethmoid orbital plate.
What is a clear sign of a blowout fracture?
Tear drop sign
What can a blowout fracture lead to?
IR tethering therefore cannot look up
What causes scleral reddening?
Bleeding from blood vessels in sclera- basically a bruise/
What is hyphaema?
Blood in anterior chamber
How can hyphaema often be seen?
Level of settled RBC like hypopyon
What are the two categories of penetrating trauma?
Large
Small
What kind of injuries can large penetrating trauma cause?
Lid laceration
Corneal laceration
Scleral laceration
What tends to cause lid laceration?
Dogs
How can you see corneal laceration?
Pupil/iris prolapsing out. Seidel’s test
How do you test for a corneal laceration?
Seidel’s test
How do you perform a Seidel’s test?
Flood the eye with fluorescein so it won’t fluores then where aqueous humour leaks out it is diluted so glows green.
What kind of damage can small penetrating trauma cause?
Subtarsal foreign body
Conjunctival foreign body
Corneal foreign body
Penetrating foreign body
What is a subtarsal foreign body?
foreign body under the eyelid
What is a conjunctival foreign body?
foreign body on the conjunctiva
What is a corneal foreign body?
foreign body in the conjunctiva
What is a penetrating foreign body?
foreign body that penetrates through cornea or sclera
Where can a penetrating foreign body be located?
Anterior chamber
Intralenticular
Intraocular
Intraorbital
When should you suspect a penetrating foreign body?
Pupil irregularity
Localised cataracts
Gross inflammation
What two types of burns can occur?
Chemical
Physical
What two types of substances can cause chemical burns?
Acid
Alkali
Is acid or alkali worse to be burned by?
Alkali
What kind of damage does acid do?
Superficial
What kind of damage does alkali do?
Deep penetration and lots of scarring
How do you treat a chemical burn?
Irrigation (The Solution to Pollution is Dilution)
How do you process an eye trauma case?
Detailed history
Visual acuity- always do!!!
Eye examination- Front to back
What are the 6 golden rules of eye trauma?
Good history Record visual acuity Fluorescein Handle suspected globe ruptures with care X-ray suspected IOBF Immediately irrigate chemical burns
