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Ophthalmology > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the eyeball sit?

A

In the orbit

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2
Q

What 6 bones make up the orbit?

A 
Frontal
Zygomatic
Sphenoid
Ethmoid
Lacrimal
Maxilla
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3
Q

What bone forms the roof of the orbit?

A

Frontal bone

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4
Q

What bone forms the floor of the orbit?

A

Maxilla

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5
Q

What bones form the lateral wall of the orbit?

A

Zygomatic and sphenoid

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6
Q

What bones form the medial wall of the orbit?

A

Ethmoid and lacrimal

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7
Q

What are orbital plates?

A

The part of bone the bones that lines the orbit.

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8
Q

What three features can be found on the sphenoid bone?

A

Optic canal
Superior Orbital Fissure
Inferior Orbital FIssure

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9
Q

What feature can be found on the frontal bone?

A

Supraorbital notch

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10
Q

What feature can be found in the maxilla?

A

Infraorbital foramen

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11
Q

What passes through the infraorbital foramen?

A

Sensory nerves to the nose and cheeks

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12
Q

What happens in an orbital blow out fracture?

A

Increased pressure forces the eyeball through the thin ethmoid bone.

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13
Q

What muscles are responsible for opening the eyes?

A

Levator palpebrae superioris

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14
Q

What do the levator palpebrae superioris muscles do?

A

Open the eyes

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15
Q

What nerve supplies the levator palpebrae superioris muscles?

A

CNIII

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16
Q

What does CNIII palsy lead to with the levator palpebrae superioris?

A

Ptosis- in ability to open eye

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17
Q

What muscle allows us to close our eyes?

A

Orbicularis Oculi (lets you get some shut eye)

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18
Q

What protective features does the eyelid poses?

A

Outer skin
Eyelashes
Inner conjunctiva

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19
Q

Describe the inner conjunctiva

A

Continuous layer from inner eyelid over eyeball for protection

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20
Q

What is the tarsal plate?

A

Stiff plate in eyelid to maintain shape and secrets lipids to protect eyes.

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21
Q

Where are lacrimal glands located?

A

On the underside of the bone in the superior lateral aspect of the orbit.

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22
Q

What do lacrimal glands do?

A

Secrete tears

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23
Q

Where do tears drain to?

A

Canaliculi in medial aspect of eye then on to nasal cavity.

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24
Q

What does canaliculi mean?

A

Little canal

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25
Q

What nerve innervates the lacrimal gland?

A

CNVII- Parasympathetic

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26
Q

What are the three layers of the eyeball?

A

Fibrous outer layer
Vascular Uvea
Photosensitive retina

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27
Q

What is the fibrous outer layer of the eye made up of ?

A

White sclera and clear cornea

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28
Q

What is the vascular uvea middle layer made up of?

A

Iris
Ciliary body
Choroid

29
Q

What does the iris do?

A

Regulate amount of light entering the eye

30
Q

What does the ciliary body do?

A

Controls iris and lens size/shape

Secretes aqueous humour

31
Q

What occurs at the choroid?

A

Nutrient and gas exchange.

Appears black due to lots of melanin

32
Q

What occurs at the photosensitive retina?

A

Detection of light

33
Q

What two segments make up the eyeball?

A

Anterior segment

Posterior segment

34
Q

What two chambers make up the anterior segment of the eyeball?

A

Anterior chamber

Posterior chamber

35
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior chamber?

A

Cornea and iris

36
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior chamber?

A

Iria and ligaments from ciliary body

37
Q

What is contained in the anterior segment of the eyeball?

A

Aqueous humour

38
Q

What constitutes the posterior segment of the eyeball?

A

Everything behind the lens

39
Q

What is contained in the posterior segment of the eyeball?

A

Vitreous fluid which cannot be replaced.

40
Q

Describe the role of aqueous humour?

A

Nurish cornea

41
Q

Where is aqueous humour reabsorbed?

A

Scleral venous sinus at iridocorneal angle

42
Q

What happens at the iridocorneal angle?

A

Aqueous humour is reabsorbed into the scleral venous sinus

43
Q

Describe the blood supply to the orbit?

A

Common carotid -> Internal carotid -> Ophthalmic artery

44
Q

Where does the ophthalmic artery enter the orbit?

A

Through the optic canal with the optic nerve

45
Q

What subdivisions does the opthalmic artery give rise to?

A

Central artery of the retina
Ciliary arteries
Ophthalmic then supplies muscles of eye movement.

46
Q

What does the central artery of the retina do?

A

Supplies the retinal layer

47
Q

What runs with the central artery of the retina?

A

Central vein of the retina

48
Q

What two veins does the orbit blood flow ultimately drain into?

A

Facial vein anteriorly

Cavernous sinus posteriorly

49
Q

What feature of the sphenoid bone allows venous drainage into the cavernous sinus?

A

Superior orbital fissure

50
Q

What is the fundus of the eye?

A

Posterior area where light is focused

51
Q

What is the macula?

A

Area with greatest density of cones therefore best vision here

52
Q

What is the optic disk?

A

Outflow from eyeball where the nerves run to form CNII.

Gives rise to the blind spot of the eye.

53
Q

What is the fovea?

A

Centre of the macula where the macula lutea is found

54
Q

What three features of the fundus are important to know?

A

Macula
Fovea
Optic disk

55
Q

How many extrinsic muscles of the eye are there?

A

6

56
Q

What two categories of extrinsic muscles of the eye are there?

A

Rectus

Oblique

57
Q

How many rectus muscles are there and name them

A

Superior rectus
Inferior rectus
Lateral rectus
Medial rectus

58
Q

How many oblique muscles are there and name them

A

Superior oblique

Inferior oblique

59
Q

Where do all the extrinsic muscles of the eye insert?

A

Sclera

60
Q

What do the rectus muscles do?

A

Move the eye in their direction

61
Q

What movement does the superior oblique muscle do?

A

Intorsion- Rotate nasally

Down and out (think tramps)

62
Q

What movement does the inferior oblique muscle do?

A

Up and out

63
Q

What movement do both oblique muscles do?

A

Out (Oblique goes out)

64
Q

What does the superior oblique muscle pass through?

A

Trochlea

65
Q

What nerve supplies the superior oblique muscle?

A

Trochlear (CNIV)

66
Q

What nerve supplies the lateral rectus muscle?

A

Abducens (CNVI)

67
Q

What nerve supplies all extrinsic muscles of the eye bar superior oblique and lateral rectus?

A

Oculomotor (CNIII)

68
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CNIII, IV, V1 and VI

Ophthalmic vein

69
Q

Where does the nasolacrimal duct drain?

A

Inferior meatus

Ophthalmology (10 decks)

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