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Ocular Pharm > Ocular Supplements > Flashcards

Ocular Supplements Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin ____ may impair hepatic acetaminophen metabolism which can lead to toxicity. There is a risk of blood thinning effects

A

C

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2
Q

Which ophthalmic Vitamins are important

A

A, C, E

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3
Q

Not taking this vitamin can cause ophthalmoplegia

A

E

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4
Q

There is a platelet inhibition at high doses if taken this vitamin…also risk of prostate cancer, therefore it is recommended to add selenium

A

E

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5
Q

____ soluble forms exhibit the highest bioavailability of VitaminA.

A

Fat

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6
Q

Vitamin A toxicity is associated with ______. There is also a risk of cancer in former smoker and alcoholics taking high dose of Vitamin A

A

papilledema

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7
Q

_____ supports antioxidant enzymes. It is decreased in macular degeneration.

A

zinc

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8
Q

______plays important role in critical enzyme function. It is decreased by excessive Zn ingestion

A

Copper

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9
Q

Lutein and _____ are the most consumed carotenoids in American diets

A

lycopene

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10
Q

____ is a non dietary ocular pigment produced from lutein in the macula following isomerization.

A

Lutein (mesozeaxanthin)

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11
Q

What are the antioxidant pigments?

A
  1. Carotenoids

2. Xanthophylls: Lutein and zeaxanthin

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12
Q

Lutein and zeaxanthin are 2 of the naturally occurring pigments found in the human retina giving it an _____/_____ color. They filter harmful blue light

A

orange/yellow

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13
Q

Lutein is found more _____ whereas zeaxanthin is found in the macula lutea

A

peripherally

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14
Q

What does the macuscope measure

A

macular pigment optical density; if reduced there is a significant risk factor for AMD.

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15
Q

What are antioxidant essential fatty acids

A
  1. omega 3 fatty acids
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16
Q

There is a bleeding risk with _____ fatty acids.

A

omega 3

17
Q

Short chain ALA is ____ derived

A

plant

18
Q

Long chain EPA and DHA are found in eggs, and cold water oily _____

A

fish

19
Q

what is the bioavailability by formulation of omega fatty acids

A

trigycleride esters > fish body oil > free fatty acids > ethyl esters

20
Q

which nutrients are helpful for retina

A
  1. zinc
  2. vitamin E
  3. omega 3 fatty acids
  4. vitamin c
21
Q

which nutrients are helpful for macula .

A

zeaxanthin

22
Q

Macula is fertile ground for:

A

free radical damage due to its high O2 consumption, hv exposure, cell turnover and phospholipid levels prone to lipid preoccupation.

23
Q

what are risk factors for macular degeneration

A
  1. smoking
  2. UV light
  3. Poor diet
  4. Light eyes
    5 . Aging
  5. Family history
  6. ethinicity
  7. co cormibities: HTN, obesity
24
Q

What are the results of AREDS I

A

Supplementation reduced the rate of advanced AMD in people at high risk by 25% over 6 years.

25
Q

What was the difference between AREDs 1 and AREDS II

A

They reduced the zinc intake and eliminated beta carotene. Added lutein and zeaxanthin and omega 3 fatty acids

26
Q

what was the result of AREDS II

A

Did not reduce the risk of developing AMD. Omega 3 had no effect. Reduced zinc had no effect.

27
Q

what is the macular degeneration supplement summary

A
  1. vitamin C
  2. vitamin E
  3. zinc
  4. copper
  5. lutein
  6. zeaxanthin
28
Q

There is no research that supplements help with open angle glaucoma. T/F

A

True

29
Q

Ginkgo biloba ____ blood flow

A

increases

30
Q

Which supplements are beneficial for cataracts

A

Vitamin C, E, and Lutein and zeaxanthin

31
Q

T/F Ocular concentrations of Vitamin C are higher than those in blood

A

true

32
Q

what is not recommended as a supplement for RP

A

beta carotene

33
Q

What is common in taking large doses of Vitamin A

A

intracranial hypertension

34
Q

what does vitamin A deficiency result in

A

xerosis (dry eyes) of the conj and cornea and alopecia of the eyelashes.

35
Q

what is beneficial for drys eyes

A

omega 3 fatty acids and vitamin A

Ocular Pharm (12 decks)

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