Ocular Supplements Flashcards
Vitamin ____ may impair hepatic acetaminophen metabolism which can lead to toxicity. There is a risk of blood thinning effects
C
Which ophthalmic Vitamins are important
A, C, E
Not taking this vitamin can cause ophthalmoplegia
E
There is a platelet inhibition at high doses if taken this vitamin…also risk of prostate cancer, therefore it is recommended to add selenium
E
____ soluble forms exhibit the highest bioavailability of VitaminA.
Fat
Vitamin A toxicity is associated with ______. There is also a risk of cancer in former smoker and alcoholics taking high dose of Vitamin A
papilledema
_____ supports antioxidant enzymes. It is decreased in macular degeneration.
zinc
______plays important role in critical enzyme function. It is decreased by excessive Zn ingestion
Copper
Lutein and _____ are the most consumed carotenoids in American diets
lycopene
____ is a non dietary ocular pigment produced from lutein in the macula following isomerization.
Lutein (mesozeaxanthin)
What are the antioxidant pigments?
- Carotenoids
2. Xanthophylls: Lutein and zeaxanthin
Lutein and zeaxanthin are 2 of the naturally occurring pigments found in the human retina giving it an _____/_____ color. They filter harmful blue light
orange/yellow
Lutein is found more _____ whereas zeaxanthin is found in the macula lutea
peripherally
What does the macuscope measure
macular pigment optical density; if reduced there is a significant risk factor for AMD.
What are antioxidant essential fatty acids
- omega 3 fatty acids
There is a bleeding risk with _____ fatty acids.
omega 3
Short chain ALA is ____ derived
plant
Long chain EPA and DHA are found in eggs, and cold water oily _____
fish
what is the bioavailability by formulation of omega fatty acids
trigycleride esters > fish body oil > free fatty acids > ethyl esters
which nutrients are helpful for retina
- zinc
- vitamin E
- omega 3 fatty acids
- vitamin c
which nutrients are helpful for macula .
zeaxanthin
Macula is fertile ground for:
free radical damage due to its high O2 consumption, hv exposure, cell turnover and phospholipid levels prone to lipid preoccupation.
what are risk factors for macular degeneration
- smoking
- UV light
- Poor diet
- Light eyes
5 . Aging - Family history
- ethinicity
- co cormibities: HTN, obesity
What are the results of AREDS I
Supplementation reduced the rate of advanced AMD in people at high risk by 25% over 6 years.
What was the difference between AREDs 1 and AREDS II
They reduced the zinc intake and eliminated beta carotene. Added lutein and zeaxanthin and omega 3 fatty acids
what was the result of AREDS II
Did not reduce the risk of developing AMD. Omega 3 had no effect. Reduced zinc had no effect.
what is the macular degeneration supplement summary
- vitamin C
- vitamin E
- zinc
- copper
- lutein
- zeaxanthin
There is no research that supplements help with open angle glaucoma. T/F
True
Ginkgo biloba ____ blood flow
increases
Which supplements are beneficial for cataracts
Vitamin C, E, and Lutein and zeaxanthin
T/F Ocular concentrations of Vitamin C are higher than those in blood
true
what is not recommended as a supplement for RP
beta carotene
What is common in taking large doses of Vitamin A
intracranial hypertension
what does vitamin A deficiency result in
xerosis (dry eyes) of the conj and cornea and alopecia of the eyelashes.
what is beneficial for drys eyes
omega 3 fatty acids and vitamin A
