Drugs and Clinical Care Flashcards
What are common tx malpractice
- Steroids
- beta blockers
- miotics
- oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
What are common tx negligence in order from most common to least common
- Failure to diagnose
- Delayed diagnosis
- Misdiagnosis
- Improper management
- Failed/delayed referral/consultation
Schedule ____ refers to high abuse, no known medical use, lack of safety
I; heroin
Schedule ____ refers to high abuse, some medical use, high risk of dependency
II; hydrocodone
Schedule _____ refers to lower abuse, medical use, and moderate dependency risk
III; valium
Schedule ____ refers to limited abuse, high medical use, limited dependency risk
IV; codeine
Schedule ____ refers to minor problems; may be available without rx
V; penicillin
Category ___ means there is no evidence of risk in women. Category ___ means there is no evidence of risk in animals. Category ___ means animal toxicity is evident. Category ____ means risks may outweigh benefits. Category ___ means risks are greater than benefits
A; B; C; D; X
What is anaphylaxis
A systemic hypersensitivity reaction with a substance to which the body has been previously sensitized
T/F Any physician may prescribe drugs off label
T
T/F There is no FDA drug approved to treat ulcers
T
FDA requires a minimum of ___% drug activity and a > ____ month shelf life
90; 18
What are various methods for delivery of drugs to the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye?
- Eye drops
- Scleral plug
- Subconjunctival implant
- Suprachoroidal implant
- Suprascleral injection
- Suprascleral injection
- Intravitreal implant
- Intravitreal injection
- Oculuex products
What are the most common ophthalmic drug formulations
solution
What drug formulation must be shaken
suspension
What are the drug formulations
- gel
- ointment
- solids
- solution
- suspension
- colloid
- sprays
what are the different types of solids
- contact lenses
- collagen shields
- filter strips
- cotton pledets
- lacrisert
- vitrasert
- lucentis
Exipients/vehicles are inert and lack all elements of a preparation other than the active ingredient and the _____
preservative
What are the different excipients
- Emollient: mineral oil
- Emulsifier
- Demulcent
- Buffers
____ soothe the skin and support the drug but they themselves don’t provide therapeutic benefit, and ____ soothe mucous membrane
Emollient; demulcents
____ keep solids in liquids well dispersed
emulsifiers
What are the drug vehicles
- viscosity enhancer
- osmoprotectant
- stabilizers
- tonicity stabilization
what are the different kind of preservatives
- chelators
- chemical toxins
- surfactants
- disappearing oxidants
- EDTA
_____ are substances that have affinity that bind for metallic ions by combining metallic ions that are cofactors for enzymes and disable microorganisms key enzymes that are essential for life function
chelators
What are the different types of chemical toxin preservatives
- alcohol
- heavy metals
- bacteriostatic
Surfactants can be ____ or bacteriocidal
ionic
____ is a chemical toxin that was once used as a blood substitute
PVP (Povidone)
What are the two preservative surfactants
- Biguanides
2. Quaternary ammonium compounds
What are the differernt biguanides
- PHMB
- PAPB (Dymed)
- Chlorhexidine
- Alexidine
What are the quaternary ammonium compounds
- BAK
2. Quats
The most common preservative used in topical ophthalmic drops is
BAK
What are the two disappearing oxidants
- Borate complexes (pH inactivated)
2. Chlorite complexes (light inactivated)
What are the preservative free drops
- various artificial tears
- cyclosporine
- timolol
- zioptan
- ketorolac
- cosopt PF
What are the self preserved drops
moxifloxacin
