Anti Infectives Flashcards
_____ is a chemical substance originating from various species of microorganisms (bacteria, fungus, actinomyces) that suppresses growth or destroys other microorganisms. They are the safest, least toxic drugs used in medicine.
Antibiotics
Gram ____ bacteria have thin peptidoglycan layer with LPS. They release pyretic, heat stable, mildly antigenic endotoxin upon lysis
negative
Commonly indigenous flora thrive in a _____ perfused environement
poorly
An ab can be bactericidal or bacteriostatic. Describe what each does
Bacteriocidal: kill target cells; cells may lyse or remain intact
Bacteriostatic: Prevent target cell replication
When is GI flora reduced
people who have DM-2 and obesity
What are the routes of delivery
locally; topical, contact lens and injection
When should you use ophthalmic Ab’s
- Mucopurulent discharge
- Diffuse conjuntival infection
- Corneal compromise
What is associated with gram - bacteria
- marked lid edema
- conjunctival chemosis
- purulent exudate are commonly associated with gram -
A putrid infection is an ____ infection
anaerobic
Which Ab’s are gram + and its site of action is the cell wall?
- Penicillins
- Cephalosporins
- Bacitracin
- Vancomycin
Which Ab’s site of action is the cell membrane
Polymyxin B
Gramicidin
Which Ab’s site of action is protein synthesis
- Aminoglycosides
- Tetracylines
- Macrolides
- Chloramphenicol
What Ab site of action is cell metabolism
- Sulfanomides
- Trimethroprim
- Pyrimethamine
Which Ab’s site of action is DNA synthesis
Fluoroquinolones
Which are the broad spectrum Ab’s
- Tetracylines
- Chloramphenicol
- Sulfonamides
- Trimethroprim
- Pyrimethamine
Which Ab’s are gram +
- Bacitracin
- Vancomycin
- Gramicidin
- Macrolides
Which Ab’s are gram -
- Polymyxin B
Which Ab’s have both types of gram sensitivity but more positive
- Penicillins
2. Cephalosporins
Which Ab’s have both types of gram sensitivity but more negative
Aminoglycosides
Fluoroquinolones
Which ab’s are pregnancy Category B
Tobramycin
Erthryomycin
Ezythromycin
Which ab’s are bacteriocidal
Big ffing cap
- Penicillins
- Aminoglycosides
- Cephalosporins
- Bacitracin
- Fluoroquinolones
Which ab’s are bacteriostatic
(TMSTC)
- Tetracylines
- Macrolides
- Sulfonamides
- Trimethroprim
- Chloramphenicol
What are the types of staphylococcus bacteria
- Staph aureus: more virulent (MRSA); most coommon nosocomial infection
- Epidermis; more abundant (MRSE)
What type of streptococcus bacteria causes corneal ulcer, or pediatric conjunctivitis
pneumoniae
Which gram + bacteria is an oral microflora that deals with post Lasik keratitis
Nocardia; asteroides
Which gram - bacteria causes pediatric otitis media and conjunctivitis
haemophilus influenzae
What enterics cause UTI, or corneal ulcer
- E. coli
- Serratia marcescens
- Proteus
- Psudomonas aeruginosa
Which enterics are water borne bacteria affecting ocular health
- Serratia marcescens
2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Which bacteria is consider the 2nd most common nosocomial infection
psudomonas aeruginosa; seeks altered gut flora or a weakened immune system
Which gram negative bacteria cause gonorrhea
- neisseria gonorrhea; corneal ulcer, hyperpurulent
What are host dependent bacteria that cause sexually transmitted eye infections
- Chlamydia (finger/fomite to eye infection)
2. Syphilis
what is the most common infection leading to ocular blindness in the world
chlamydia