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Ocular Pharm > Glaucoma > Flashcards

Glaucoma Flashcards

1
Q

Define glaucoma

A

a progressive narrowing of the visual field secondary to retinal ganglion cell death linked to various risk factors including elevated IOP and progressive optic nerve head cupping

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2
Q

______ analogs are drug of choice to treat glaucoma

A

prostaglandin

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3
Q

What are the 3 key targets of glaucoma treatment

A
  1. aqueous
  2. ciliary body
  3. trabeculum
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4
Q

when is M3 greater than M2

A

in the iris for meiosis, in the ciliary body to increase aqueous outflow and contraction

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5
Q

when is M2 greater than M3

A

in the cardiac system; decreases contractility and conduction

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6
Q

when is M2 = M3

A

respiratory system; bronchoconstriction

pancreatic system; acini secretion

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7
Q

parasympathetic agents stimulate ocular muscarinic receptors; there are no _____ receptors in the eye involved with IOP reduction

A

nicotinic

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8
Q

Sympathetic agents stimulate ocular alpha 1/2 receptors or inhibit ____2 receptos

A

beta

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9
Q

CAI’s inhibit CA in the _____ body

A

ciliary

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10
Q

PG analogs are pro inflammatory and act on _____ outflow

A

uveoscleral

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11
Q

Stimulating alpha 2 reduces ____ outflow

A

aqueous

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12
Q

Meiotic’s are para sympathetic memetic which ____ outflow

A

increase

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13
Q

What is angle closure glaucoma characterized by

A
  1. closed angle
  2. elevated IOP
  3. optic nerve damage with VF defects as common markers
  4. iridotrabecular apposition
  5. iriidotrabecular synechiae or both
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14
Q

what causes angle closure glaucoma

A
  1. clinical pathology
  2. anatomical predisposition
  3. age related changes
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15
Q

what are immediate goals of acute angle closure glaucoma

A
  1. lower IOP
  2. alleviate pain
  3. clear cornea
  4. prevent synechiae
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16
Q

what are drugs used to treat open angle glaucoma

A
  1. sympathomimetic agents
  2. sympatholytic agents
  3. parasympathomimetic agents
  4. CAIs
  5. prostaglandin analogs
17
Q

all of the drugs that are used to treat open angle glaucoma are used to treat acute angle closure glaucoma except which one?

A

hyperosmotic agents

18
Q

what are the hyper osmotic agents used for acute angle closure

A
  1. mannitol or urea
  2. glycerin
  3. isosorbide
19
Q

which hyper osmotic agent is contraindicated for diabetics

A

glycerin

20
Q

what are adverse reactions of hyper osmotic agents

A
  1. dehydration
  2. headache
  3. vomiting
  4. diarrhea
  5. confusion
  6. seizures
  7. hypervolemia (chest pain)
  8. renal stress
21
Q

what are contraindications of hyper osmotic agents

A
  1. renal insufficiency
  2. coronary insufficiency
  3. pulomary congestion
  4. extreme dehydration
  5. intracranial hemorrhage

Ocular Pharm (12 decks)

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