Ocular Supplements

Question 1

Which vitamins have potential to reduce cataract progression?

Answer 1

Vitamin E and C

Question 2

T/F: According to AREDS2 Lutein & Zeaxanthin

supplements are beneficial in reducing cataract development by 32%.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Which supplement has neuroprotective role thru its ability to improve cerebral blood flow?

Answer 3

GINKGO BILOBA

Question 4

Which supplements can be used for dry eyes?

Answer 4

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Vitamin A

Question 5

Is AMD genetically heritable?

Answer 5

Yes, AMD is about 46-71% hereditary

*responsiveness to AREDS supplement depends on AMD risk alleles

Question 6

T/F: 50% OF AMERICANS TAKE SUPPLEMENTS

Answer 6

Ture.

Question 7

What risk does Vitamin C supplements have?

Answer 7

Risk of blood thinning effects.

Question 8

Vitamin E deficiency causes which eye condition?

Answer 8

Ophthalmoplegia

*an EOM palsy (paresis or plegia) that occurs in patients lacking apolipoprotein B that is req’d for intestinal absorption of lipids

Question 9

What is the risk of Vitamin E supplements in men?

Answer 9

Risk of prostate cancer

Question 10

T/F: Vit C toxicity associated with papilledema.

Answer 10

False. Vitamin A toxicity associated with papilledema.

Question 11

What is the function of Lutein & Zeaxanthin in the human retina?

Answer 11

Filter harmful blue light

Question 12

T/F: Omega-3 FAs have blood thinner/bleeding risk.

Answer 12

True. This is due to Omega-3s anti-inflammatory effects.

Question 13

T/F: With Vitamin E there is a risk of Platelet inhibition at high doses (>1000mg).

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Taking high doses of which vitamin is associated with reported risk of cancer in (former) smokers and alcoholics ?

Answer 14

Vit A

Question 15

Which vitamin has toxicity associated with papilledema?

Answer 15

Vit A

Question 16

Name the three vitamin antioxidants.

Answer 16

“ACE” = Vitamins A, C and E

Question 17

You can have decreased copper (or copper deficiency) if you are taking which other mineral?

Answer 17

Zinc

Question 18

Which mineral has a deficiency that mimics Vit A deficiency due to its involvement in the conversion of Retinol -> Retinal?

Answer 18

Zinc

Question 19

Which mineral is important for MAO formation?

Answer 19

Copper

Question 20

Where is the concentration of Zeaxanthin highest in the macula compared to Lutein?

Answer 20

Zeaxanthin is predominantly found in macula lutea, and lutein is distributed more peripherally.

Question 21

T?F: Short chain omega fatty acids are more bioavailable.

Answer 21

False.

*Long chain omega fatty acids are more bioavailable.

Question 22

Place theses formulations of omegas from the highest bioavalability to least bioavalability.
Fish Body oil, Ethyl Esters, Free Fatty Acids and Triglyceride (glyceryl) esters.

Answer 22

Most bioavailable to least bioavailable:

Triglyceride (glyceryl) esters > Fish Body Oil > Free Fatty Acid > Ethyl Esters

Question 23

What are the risk factors for AMD?

Answer 23

Smoking
Ultraviolet Light
Poor Diet
Light Eyes
Aging
Family History
Ethnicity
Co-morbidities: HTN, obesity

Question 24

What were the results of AREDS1 study?

Answer 24

Supplementation reduced the rate of advanced AMD in people at high risk by 25% over 6 years