Ocular Pharmacology

Question 1

What affects absorption of topical drugs?

Answer 1

Tear Film - pH, instability
Blink rate
Environmental temperature and humidity

Question 2

What barriers limit distribution of drugs to the eye?

Answer 2

Blood retinal barriers

Blood aqueous barriers

Question 3

Name the common oculotoxic drugs?

Answer 3

3A 2CPT IVES

A-llopurinol
A-miodarone

C-hloroquine
C-orticosteriods

P-henytoin
P-henothiazines

T-etracycline
T-Tamoxifen

I-soniazid
V-it A
E-thambutol
S-ulphonamides

Question 4

What are the IOP-Raising agents?

Answer 4

Steroids
Tropicamide (Close-angle glaucoma)
Ketamine

Question 5

IOP-Lower agents?

Answer 5

B-Blocker - Timolol 
Prostaglandin analogues-  Lantoprost
Miotics- Pilocarpine 
A2-Antagonists - Apraclonidine 
CAI- Inhibitors - Acetazolamide 
Osmotic agents - Mannitol

Question 6

How do B-Blockers Lower IOP?

What are some side effects?

Answer 6

Decreased aqueous production

Dry eye, Decreased corneal sensation

Question 7

How do Prostaglandin analogue lower IOP?

Answer 7

Increase aqueous drainage via the uveoscleral outflow

Question 8

How do A2-Antagonists lower IOP?

Answer 8

Decrease aqueous production and increase uveoscleral outflow

Question 9

How do Carbonic Anhydrase-I lower IOP?

What are some side effects?

Answer 9

Decrease aqueous production

Ocular stinging, Bitter taste, punctate keratitis

Question 10

How do Miotics lower IOP?

Answer 10

Parasympthomimetics

Increase aqueous drainage via trabecular meshwork by causing contraction of ciliary muscles.