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Ophthalmology > Eyelids > Flashcards

Eyelids Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Hordeolum?

A

Stye

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2
Q

What’s the cause of external hordeolum?

A

Infection of glands of Zeis or Moll

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3
Q

What’s the cause of internal hordeolum?

A

Infection of the meibomian gland

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4
Q

Whats the classical PRESENTATION of Stye and TREATMENT?

A

Painful, Red swelling of eyelid

Tx - Hot compress, topical antibiotics and eyelid hygiene

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5
Q

Most common pathogen that causes Styes?

A

Staphylococcus

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6
Q

Define Blepharitis?

A

Inflammation of the eyelids.

Edges

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7
Q

Types of blepharitis?

A

Anterior and Posterior

A - Affects the outside front of the eyelid (Inflammation of skin around the base of the eyelashes)
P - Affects Inner eyelids (Inflammation of the meibomian glands)

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8
Q

Conditions associated with blepharitis?

A

Rosacea, Seborrheic dermatitis

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9
Q

Risk factors for blepharitis?

A

Dry eyes
Seborrheic dermatitis
Long-term contact lens wear

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10
Q

Blepharitis Symptoms?

A

Bilateral dry eyes, gritty, crusted, red eyes, eyelid irritation

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11
Q

Types of Anterior blepharitis?

A

Staphyloccocus - Hard Scales

Seborrheic (dermatitis) - Soft Scales

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12
Q

Condition most associated with posterior blepharitis?

A

Acne Roscea

Meibomian gland dysfunction.

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13
Q

Treatment for blepharitis?

A

Eyelid hygiene
ABx - Tetracylines
Tea tree oil for ocular rosocea causation.

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14
Q

Main differences between anterior and posterior blepharitis?

A 
Anterior 
Inflamed eyelids 
Lid margin telangiectasia 
Scales at base of lashes 
Trichiasis 
Lid notching 
Loss of eyelashes

Posterior
Meibomian gland dysfunction
Posterior lid margin telangiectasia

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15
Q

Most common malignant eye tumour and locations

Characteristic presentation?
Treatment?

A

Basal cell carcinoma.
Very slow growth and rarely metastasize.

Lower eyelids > Medial canthus > Upper lid > Lateral canthus

Pearly pale lesion with rolled edges and telangectasia
Tx - Surgical excision (Mohs) / Radiotherapy

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16
Q

Define Trichiasis?

2 Causes?

A

Misdirected growth of eyelashes follies that grow inwards towards the cornea or sclera (ocular surface).

Herpes Zoster, Blepharitis

17
Q

What is distichiasis?

A

Formation of enlaces from an abnormal location / grows in an abnormal direction.

18
Q

Eyelid components (Anterior to posterior)

A

Skin > Obicularis oculi > Fibrous layer (Orbital septum + Tarsal plates) > LPS muscle > muller muscle

19
Q

What activations of the blinking reflex?

A

Corneal stimulus - Ophthalmic branch V1 (afferent), CN7 (efferent)
Light stimulus - CN 2 (Afferent), CN7 (Efferent)
Auditory stimuli - CN 8 (Afferent), CN7 (Efferent)

20
Q

Nerve supply of the Orbicularis oculi?

Function?

4 Parts that make up the muscle?

A

CN 7 - Temporal and Zygomatic branches

Closing the eye

Ciliary, Lacrimal, Orbital, Palpebral

21
Q

Nerve supply of the Levator palpebral superiors (LPS)?

Function?
Origin and Insertion?

A

CN3 - Superior division

Eyelid retraction

O - Lesser wing of the sphenoid, I - Tarsal plate

22
Q

Whats the function of the tarsal plates in the eyelid?

Which is thicker upper tarsal plate vs. lower tarsal plate?

A

Provide structural support.

Upper

23
Q

What is the sensory supply of?

A - Upper eyelid
B - Lower eyelid
C - Medial canthal area
D - Lateral upper eyelid

A

A - Ophthalmic branch CN 5 (Supraorbital and Supratrochlear)
B - Infraorbital nerve V2 CN 5
C - Infratrochlear nerve V1 CN 5
D - Lacrimal nerve V1 CN 5

24
Q

Function of
A - Glands of Zeis
B - Meibomian glands
C - Gland of Moll

A

A - Sebeccaous glands (Upper eyelids) (Holocrine)
B - Meibomian (Holocrine) glands that secrete oil/lipids that help reduce ocular surface evaporation
C - Modified swear glands (Apocrine)

25
Q

Ptosis?

What classes of problems that cause ptosis be divided up into?

A

Neurogenic - Horner syndrome, CN3 Palsy
Myogenic - Myasthenia gravis, Myotonic dystrophy
Involutional - Age related
Congenital

26
Q

What is a Chalazion?

Associated conditions
Management?

A

Small growing lump/cyst that develops within the eyelid due to blocked meibomian glands. Painless lump

Acne Rosacea, Blepharitis

Hot compress BD + Use of antibiotics (if infected)

27
Q

Characteristics of Cysts of Zeiss?

A

Opaque

28
Q

Characteristics of Cysts of Moll?

A

Translucent

Ophthalmology (13 decks)

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