Eyelids Flashcards
What is a Hordeolum?
Stye
What’s the cause of external hordeolum?
Infection of glands of Zeis or Moll
What’s the cause of internal hordeolum?
Infection of the meibomian gland
Whats the classical PRESENTATION of Stye and TREATMENT?
Painful, Red swelling of eyelid
Tx - Hot compress, topical antibiotics and eyelid hygiene
Most common pathogen that causes Styes?
Staphylococcus
Define Blepharitis?
Inflammation of the eyelids.
Edges
Types of blepharitis?
Anterior and Posterior
A - Affects the outside front of the eyelid (Inflammation of skin around the base of the eyelashes)
P - Affects Inner eyelids (Inflammation of the meibomian glands)
Conditions associated with blepharitis?
Rosacea, Seborrheic dermatitis
Risk factors for blepharitis?
Dry eyes
Seborrheic dermatitis
Long-term contact lens wear
Blepharitis Symptoms?
Bilateral dry eyes, gritty, crusted, red eyes, eyelid irritation
Types of Anterior blepharitis?
Staphyloccocus - Hard Scales
Seborrheic (dermatitis) - Soft Scales
Condition most associated with posterior blepharitis?
Acne Roscea
Meibomian gland dysfunction.
Treatment for blepharitis?
Eyelid hygiene
ABx - Tetracylines
Tea tree oil for ocular rosocea causation.
Main differences between anterior and posterior blepharitis?
Anterior Inflamed eyelids Lid margin telangiectasia Scales at base of lashes Trichiasis Lid notching Loss of eyelashes
Posterior
Meibomian gland dysfunction
Posterior lid margin telangiectasia
Most common malignant eye tumour and locations
Characteristic presentation?
Treatment?
Basal cell carcinoma.
Very slow growth and rarely metastasize.
Lower eyelids > Medial canthus > Upper lid > Lateral canthus
Pearly pale lesion with rolled edges and telangectasia
Tx - Surgical excision (Mohs) / Radiotherapy
Define Trichiasis?
2 Causes?
Misdirected growth of eyelashes follies that grow inwards towards the cornea or sclera (ocular surface).
Herpes Zoster, Blepharitis
What is distichiasis?
Formation of enlaces from an abnormal location / grows in an abnormal direction.
Eyelid components (Anterior to posterior)
Skin > Obicularis oculi > Fibrous layer (Orbital septum + Tarsal plates) > LPS muscle > muller muscle
What activations of the blinking reflex?
Corneal stimulus - Ophthalmic branch V1 (afferent), CN7 (efferent)
Light stimulus - CN 2 (Afferent), CN7 (Efferent)
Auditory stimuli - CN 8 (Afferent), CN7 (Efferent)
Nerve supply of the Orbicularis oculi?
Function?
4 Parts that make up the muscle?
CN 7 - Temporal and Zygomatic branches
Closing the eye
Ciliary, Lacrimal, Orbital, Palpebral
Nerve supply of the Levator palpebral superiors (LPS)?
Function?
Origin and Insertion?
CN3 - Superior division
Eyelid retraction
O - Lesser wing of the sphenoid, I - Tarsal plate
Whats the function of the tarsal plates in the eyelid?
Which is thicker upper tarsal plate vs. lower tarsal plate?
Provide structural support.
Upper
What is the sensory supply of?
A - Upper eyelid
B - Lower eyelid
C - Medial canthal area
D - Lateral upper eyelid
A - Ophthalmic branch CN 5 (Supraorbital and Supratrochlear)
B - Infraorbital nerve V2 CN 5
C - Infratrochlear nerve V1 CN 5
D - Lacrimal nerve V1 CN 5
Function of
A - Glands of Zeis
B - Meibomian glands
C - Gland of Moll
A - Sebeccaous glands (Upper eyelids) (Holocrine)
B - Meibomian (Holocrine) glands that secrete oil/lipids that help reduce ocular surface evaporation
C - Modified swear glands (Apocrine)
Ptosis?
What classes of problems that cause ptosis be divided up into?
Neurogenic - Horner syndrome, CN3 Palsy
Myogenic - Myasthenia gravis, Myotonic dystrophy
Involutional - Age related
Congenital
What is a Chalazion?
Associated conditions
Management?
Small growing lump/cyst that develops within the eyelid due to blocked meibomian glands. Painless lump
Acne Rosacea, Blepharitis
Hot compress BD + Use of antibiotics (if infected)
Characteristics of Cysts of Zeiss?
Opaque
Characteristics of Cysts of Moll?
Translucent
